The history and future of the biological resources of the Caspian and the Aral Seas
The history and future of the biological resources of the Caspian and the Aral Seas
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DOI：
10.1007/s00343-018-8189-z
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Zaitzev, V. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aladin, N., V;Chida, T.;Zaitzev, V. F.
“生物资源”一词在这里是指一组可供人类直接或间接消费的生物体。它们参与经济活动，是一个国家原材料潜力的重要组成部分。许多其他生物也受到合理利用和保护。它们可以通过种间关系与真正的资源物种相联系。里海和咸海是大陆水体，巨大的咸水湖。这两类物种都存在于里海和咸海的海底和中上层群落中，并参与人类经济活动。里海和咸海最重要的生物资源是鱼类区系，包括土著物种和世纪人类引进的物种。在无脊椎动物中，这些盐湖的主要生物资源是卤虫。里海作为一个水体，其物理状态相对稳定，但其生物资源受到不合理利用的严重影响。咸海自世纪后半叶以来经历了灾难性的人为退化，由于盐碱化，咸海的生物资源几乎完全丧失。然而，由于采取了有效的工程措施，现已能够保护其北方部分（小咸海）并使其恢复原状，将盐度降低到以前的水平。其结果是恢复了其鱼类生物资源。在咸海（大咸海）南部，它变成了一组分离的高盐水库，目前唯一可用的资源物种是卤虫。考虑了未来里海和咸海生物资源的主要环境威胁以及潜在的解决方案。
The term 'biological resources' here means a set of organisms that can be used by man directly or indirectly for consumption. They are involved in economic activities and represent an important part of a country's raw material potential. Many other organisms are also subject to rational use and protection. They can be associated with true resource species through interspecific relationships. The Caspian and Aral Seas are continental water bodies, giant saline lakes. Both categories of species are represented in the benthic and pelagic communities of the Caspian and Aral Seas and are involved in human economic activities. The most important biological resource of the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea is their ichthyofauna, represented by both aboriginal species and species introduced by man in the 20th century. Among invertebrates, the main biological resource of these saline lakes is the brine shrimp Artemia. The physical state of the Caspian as a water body is relatively stable but its biological resources are very seriously affected by irrational use. The Aral Sea since the second half of the 20th century has experienced catastrophic anthropogenic regression, which has led to the almost complete loss of its biological resources due to salinization. However, thanks to efficacious engineering measures, it has now become possible to preserve its northern part (Small Aral) and rehabilitate it, lowering the salinity to its former state. The result has been the restoration of its fish biological resources. In the southern part of Aral (Large Aral), which turned into a group of separated hypersaline reservoirs, the only resource species currently available is the brine shrimp Artemia. The main environmental threats for biological resources of the future Caspian and Aral as well as potential solutions are considered.