Leadership of old females in collective departures in wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba
Leadership of old females in collective departures in wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-017-2277-5
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发表时间：
2017-02
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Nahoko Tokuyama;T. Furuichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nahoko Tokuyama;T. Furuichi
摘要群居动物需要协调活动以维持群居性。尽管每个人都有自己的营养、社交和生殖需求，但他们必须达成共识，以决定何时何地旅行。集体运动是一个人离开的结果，然后其他群体成员跟随。我们调查了在Wamba，DR刚果，一组倭黑猩猩出发启动，以确定组成员之间的领导分配。如果有三只或更多的倭黑猩猩开始移动超过30米，我们就把第一个移动的人指定为发起移动的人。共观察到254起离境事件。首先，我们研究了启动的频率是否不同，根据以下属性的个人：性别，年龄，阶段性肿胀周期，优势，从属关系。我们还研究了一个或多个人是否会偶然地比预期更频繁或更少地发起离开。性别和年龄之间的显着的相互作用，发现，年龄的影响是女性比男性更大。在梳理网络中处于中心地位的个体更频繁地发起离职。三个年龄最大的女性比预期的更经常发起。老年女性可能会被跟踪，因为他们经常给予年轻女性联盟的支持，以及他们对范围区域的更多知识。倭黑猩猩的领导权在群体成员中并不平等，年老的雌性是帮助维持裂变融合社会凝聚力的“关键个体”。意义陈述当群体生活的动物从一个地方旅行到另一个地方时，它们必须协调旅行的时间和地点;否则，它们可能会分散开来。倭黑猩猩是我们最亲近的亲戚之一，有一个裂变-融合的社会系统。我们调查了在野生倭黑猩猩群体出发的启动，以确定组成员之间的领导分配。我们发现，启动的频率与个人的年龄，从属关系，和男性的优势地位。三个年龄最大的女性发起的离职比预期的更频繁，这表明这些人是习惯性的发起人，并采取了重要的作用，以保持凝聚力。我们将讨论如何在一个男权至上的社会中出现这种“旧女性领导”。
AbstractGroup-living animals need to coordinate their activity in order to maintain gregariousness. Although individuals have their own nutritional, social, and reproductive needs, they have to reach consensus to decide where and when to travel. Collective movements are the outcome of one individual’s departure, who is then followed by other group members. We investigated departure initiation in a group of bonobos at Wamba, DR Congo, to determine the distribution of leadership among group members. If three or more bonobos started moving more than 30 m, we assigned the individual who moved first as the one who initiated the movement. Two hundred and fifty-four departures were observed. First, we examined whether the frequency of initiation differed according to the following attributes of individuals: sex, age, stage in sexual swelling cycle, dominance, and affiliative relationship. We also examined whether one or more individual(s) initiate departure more or less frequently than expected by chance. A significant interaction between sex and age was found, indicating that the effect of age was greater among females than among males. Individuals who were more central to the grooming network initiated departures more frequently. The three oldest females initiated more often than expected. Old females may be followed because of coalitionary supports they often give to younger females, and of their greater knowledge about ranging area. Leadership in bonobos was not equally shared among group members, and old females were “key individuals” who helped to maintain cohesiveness in their fission-fusion society.Significance statementWhen group-living animals travel from one location to another, they must coordinate when and where to travel; otherwise, they might spread apart. Bonobos are one of our closest living relatives and have a fission-fusion social system. We investigated the initiation of group departure in wild bonobos to determine the distribution of leadership among group members. We found that the frequency of initiation was associated with the individual’s age, affiliative relationships, and male dominance rank. The three oldest females initiated departures more frequently than expected, suggesting that these individuals were habitual initiators and took an important role to preserve cohesiveness. We discuss how this “old female leadership” may emerge in a male-philopatric society.