Identity threat and identity multiplicity among minority youth: Longitudinal relations of perceived discrimination with ethnic, religious, and national identification in Germany
Identity threat and identity multiplicity among minority youth: Longitudinal relations of perceived discrimination with ethnic, religious, and national identification in Germany
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DOI：
10.1111/bjso.12324
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Pink, Sebastian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fleischmann, Fenella;Leszczensky, Lars;Pink, Sebastian
少数民族和宗教认同与欧洲移民接收社会的国家认同在本质上是不相容的，这种观点在公共话语中很流行。尽管记录这种负面关联的研究结果似乎支持这一说法，但其他研究表明，群体间背景对少数民族和宗教身份与欧洲国家身份冲突（即负相关）或相容（即正相关）的程度很重要。然而，先前的研究依赖于横截面数据，因此无法捕捉少数民族青年发展相容或冲突认同模式的动态过程。我们用纵向方法扩展这项工作，通过捕捉德国少数民族早期青少年的身份多样性的发展轨迹，每隔9个月进行三次浪潮。在每个测量点，参与者报告了他们的种族、宗教和（德国）民族身份以及他们遭受歧视待遇的经历。我们估计了一个交叉滞后面板模型来研究认同与感知歧视之间的关系，以及这如何影响少数民族青年的种族、宗教和国家认同之间的关联（变化）。我们的结果显示，在样本中的少数民族青年中，种族、宗教和国家认同之间普遍存在正相关。然而，那些报告更频繁受到歧视的人，随着时间的推移，他们的（德国）民族认同感会降低，这反过来又预示着少数民族认同感的增加。我们的结论是，身份威胁确实引发了更多相互冲突的身份模式的发展。
The notion that ethnic and religious minority identities are inherently incompatible with the national identities of European immigrant-receiving societies is popular in public discourse. Although findings documenting such negative associations seemingly support this claim, other research shows that the intergroup context matters for the extent to which minorities' ethnic and religious identities are conflicting (i.e., negatively associated) or compatible (i.e., positively associated) with European national identities. However, previous research relied on cross-sectional data and therefore could not capture the dynamic process through which minority youth come to develop compatible or conflicting identification patterns. We extend this work with a longitudinal approach by capturing developmental trajectories of identity multiplicity among ethnic minority early adolescents in Germany over three waves with 9-month intervals. At each measurement point, participants reported their ethnic, religious, and (German) national identification and their experiences with discriminatory treatment. We estimate a cross-lagged panel model to study how identification relates to perceived discrimination and how this affects (changes in) associations between ethnic, religious, and national identification of minority youth. Our results show prevalent positive associations between ethnic, religious, and national identification across minority youth in the sample. Those who report more frequent discrimination, however, lower their (German) national identification over time, which in turn predicts increased minority identification. We conclude that identity threat indeed triggers a development of more conflicting identification patterns.