Wheat Blast: A New Fungal Inhabitant to Bangladesh Threatening World Wheat Production.
Wheat Blast: A New Fungal Inhabitant to Bangladesh Threatening World Wheat Production.
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DOI：
10.5423/ppj.rw.09.2016.0179
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发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Choi J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sadat MA;Choi J
由于2016年3月上旬孟加拉国爆发麦瘟，世界小麦生产受到威胁。这是该地区的一种新病害，表明该病原体在全球最大小麦产区亚洲传播的可能性较高。该病害的发生导致孟加拉国小麦田面积减少约3.5%。它对孟加拉国小麦市场的经济影响不大，因为小麦占谷物总消费量的3%，其中约70%是从其他国家进口的。但从长远来看，由于现有的疫病菌有利条件，一旦该病蔓延到孟加拉、印度、巴基斯坦等小麦主产区，损失将会更大。小麦瘟病病原体属于稻瘟病菌复合体，可在禾本科的多种宿主上引起稻瘟病。系统发育分析显示，孟加拉国爆发菌株和巴西爆发菌株具有相同的系统发育谱系，表明它们可能在种子进口过程中从巴西迁移到孟加拉国。为了保护孟加拉国及其邻国的小麦生产，应采取多项措施，包括严格检测种子健康、使用化学品、轮作、加强检疫程序和加强田间监测。开发抗稻瘟病小麦品种应该是一个长期解决方案，将不同方法与部分抗病品系相结合可能会在一段时间内抑制这种病害。
World wheat production is now under threat due to the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh in early March 2016. This is a new disease in this area, indicating the higher possibility of this pathogen spreading throughout the Asia, the world’s largest wheat producing area. Occurrence of this disease caused ~3.5% reduction of the total wheat fields in Bangladesh. Its economic effect on the Bangladesh wheat market was little because wheat contributes to 3% of total cereal consumption, among which ~70% have been imported from other countries. However, as a long-term perspective, much greater losses will occur once this disease spreads to other major wheat producing areas of Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan due to the existing favorable condition for the blast pathogen. The wheat blast pathogen belongs to the Magnaporthe oryzae species complex causing blast disease on multiple hosts in the Poaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bangladesh outbreak strains and the Brazil outbreak strains were the same phylogenetic lineage, suggesting that they might be migrated from Brazil to Bangladesh during the seed import. To protect wheat production of Bangladesh and its neighbors, several measures including rigorous testing of seed health, use of chemicals, crop rotation, reinforcement of quarantine procedures, and increased field monitoring should be implemented. Development of blast resistant wheat varieties should be a long-term solution and combination of different methods with partial resistant lines may suppress this disease for some time.