Confronting misconduct in science in the 1980s and 1990s: What has and has not been accomplished?
Confronting misconduct in science in the 1980s and 1990s: What has and has not been accomplished?
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面对 20 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代的科学不端行为：哪些已经完成，哪些尚未完成？
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
N. Steneck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Steneck
1985年，在对公众对科研不端行为的担忧进行了近十年的无定论的专业回应之后，国会通过了要求采取行动的立法。在这项立法之后，联邦机构和研究型大学采取了应对研究不当行为指控的政策。组织了各种会议、专业会议和特别出版物。新的教育倡议开始了，许多是为了响应1989年国家卫生研究所/酒精、药物滥用和精神卫生管理局的要求，将道德指导纳入培训补助金。尽管存在一些关键的未解决的问题，例如缺乏对研究不端行为的统一联邦定义，但自1985年以来，专业人员对研究不端行为的反应发生了显著变化。本文从三个关键目标(1)对抗不当行为、2)促进诚信和3)确保诚信)来评估1985年以来的变化。虽然在实现前两个目标方面取得了重大进展，但第三个目标基本上仍未得到解决。后者是由于研究人员对研究自己职业的完整性不感兴趣。因此，建议需要研究常规或正常的研究实践及其对完整性的影响，以便在制定研究行为政策时使用。
In 1985, after nearly a decade of inconclusive professional response to public concern about misconduct in research, Congress passed legislation requiring action. Subsequent to this legislation, federal agencies and research universities adopted policies for responding to allegations of misconduct in research. Conferences, sessions at professional meetings, and special publications were organized. New educational initiatives were begun, many in response to a 1989 National Institutes of Health/ Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration requirement to include ethics instruction in training grants. Notwithstanding a few key unresolved issues, such as the lack of a uniform federal definition of misconduct in research, the years since 1985 have witnessed a marked change in the professional response to misconduct in research.This paper evaluates the change since 1985 from the perspective of three key goals: 1) confronting misconduct, 2) promoting integrity and 3) ensuring integrity. While significant progress has been made in achieving the first two goals, the third remains largely unaddressed. The latter is due to the fact that researchers have not been interested in studying the integrity of their own profession. It is therefore suggested that studies are needed of routine or normal research practices and their impact on integrity for use in making decisions about research conduct policy.