Ecology, metabolite production, and substrate utilization in endophytic fungi
Ecology, metabolite production, and substrate utilization in endophytic fungi
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DOI：
10.1002/nt.2620010306
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Viret, Olivier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petrini, Orlando;Sieber, Thomas N.;Viret, Olivier
植物内生真菌是一类分类学和生态学上具有异质性的生物，主要属于子囊菌亚门和半知菌亚门。不同的隔离方法会影响宿主内生菌的种类组成。从宿主物种中分离的内生菌分类群的数量通常很大;然而，只有少数，通常宿主特异性的物种或菌株是占优势的。内生菌组合是特定的宿主物种水平，但物种组成和频率显着影响特定地点的条件。此外，内生物种的相对重要性和数量在站点内的个体之间变化。在某些情况下，每个个体都可以被视为一个单独的生态系统。然而，一般而言，40个个体，每个器官和个体30至40个采样单位应足以在一个地点检测给定宿主中存在的80%的分类群。内生菌通常产生植物组织定殖所必需的酶。底物利用研究和同工酶分析表明，大多数内生菌能够利用大多数植物细胞成分。在植物内生真菌中，生长促进因子和可用于制药和农业工业的代谢物的生产是普遍的。植物内生菌在农业和医药研究中的用途进行了简要讨论。
Endophytic fungi are a taxonomically and ecologically heterogenous group of organisms, mainly belonging to the Ascomycotina and Deuteromycotina. The solation methods affect the species composition of the endophyte assemblage in a given host. The number of endophyte taxa isolated from a host species is usually large; however, only few, normally host specific species or strains are dominant. Endophyte assemblages are specific at the host species level, but species composition and frequencies are significantly affected by site-specific conditions. Moreover, the relative importance and number of endophytic species vary among individuals within sites. In some cases, each individual could be considered a separate ecosystem. In general, however, 40 individuals with 30 to 40 sampling units per organ and individual should be enough to detect 80% of taxa present in a given host at one site. Endophytes usually produce the enzymes necessary for the colonization of plant tissues. Substrate utilization studies and isozyme analysis have demonstrated that most endophytes are able to utilize most plant cell components. The production of growth promoting factors and of metabolites useful n the pharmaceutical and agricultural industry is widespread among endophytic fungi. The usefulness of endophytes in agricultural and pharmaceutical research is briefly discussed.