The Us Gender Pay Gap in the 1990s: Slowing Convergence
The Us Gender Pay Gap in the 1990s: Slowing Convergence
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20 世纪 90 年代美国性别薪酬差距：趋同缓慢
DOI：
10.3386/w10853
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lawrence M. Kahn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Francine D. Blau;Lawrence M. Kahn
我们使用密歇根收入动态研究小组（PSID）的数据来研究与20世纪80年代相比，20世纪90年代男女工资趋同的放缓。我们发现，人力资本的变化对这一趋势没有贡献，因为在20世纪80年代和90年代，女性的相对人力资本得到了相当程度的改善。妇女的职业升级和非工会化解释了1990年代趋同较慢的部分原因，因为这些因素对妇女相对工资增长的积极影响在1980年代更大。然而，导致工资趋同放缓的最大因素是“无法解释的差距”趋势，这足以完全解释20世纪90年代工资趋同放缓的原因。可能导致无法解释的性别薪酬差距缩小缓慢的因素包括劳动力选择的变化，未测量特征和劳动力市场歧视的性别差异的变化，以及供求变化的有利变化。我们发现了一些与这些因素一致的证据，表明每个因素都可能在解释观察到的趋势方面发挥了作用。
We use data from the Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to study the slowdown in the convergence of female and male wages in the 1990s compared to the 1980s. We found that changes in human capital did not contribute to the trends, since women improved their relative human capital to a comparable extent in the 1980s and the 1990s. Occupational upgrading of women and deunionization explained a portion of the slower 1990s convergence since the positive effect of these factors on women's relative wage gains was larger in the 1980s. However, the largest factor accounting for the slowing of wage convergence was the trend in the "unexplained gap," which was sufficient to more than fully account for the slowdown in wage convergence in the 1990s. Factors that may have contributed to the slower narrowing of the unexplained gender pay gap include changes in labor force selectivity, changes in gender differences in unmeasured characteristics and labor market discrimination, and changes in the favorableness of supply and demand shifts. We find some evidence consistent with each of these factors suggesting that each may have played a role in explaining the observed trends.