Power-to-gas plants and gas turbines for improved wind energy dispatchability: Energy and economic assessment
Power-to-gas plants and gas turbines for improved wind energy dispatchability: Energy and economic assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.055
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发表时间：
2015-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Romano, Matteo C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guandalini, Giulio;Campanari, Stefano;Romano, Matteo C.
风力发电场有限的可调度性和意外的电网电力注入造成了发电功率和实际需要的电力之间的不平衡，为了电网的正常运行，必须减少实际需要的电力。可再生能源数量的增加在一些国家强调了这一问题，在这些国家，加强输电线路和辅助服务方面的反应不够迅速或有效。在本研究中，我们分析了基于传统燃气轮机发电厂与创新“电转气”发电厂不同组合的电网平衡系统的潜力。电转气是一种很有前途的平衡电网的解决方案，它基于水电解，可以有效地减少调度计划的不确定性。根据这个系统，可再生能源产生的多余电力被转化为氢气，然后可以注入天然气电网。在这项工作中，评估了不同的经济情景，使用统计方法来估计风电场的生产力和预测误差，以及每个组件的负载条件，从而得出了一组所建议系统的最佳规模。经济参数、等效运行小时、CO2排放和损失风能是本文比较燃气轮机和电解平衡系统的主要性能指标。从经济角度来看，包括两种平衡技术的混合系统通常具有最佳性能。实现最高电力制气能力的情景（安装的电解功率约为风电场名义功率的6%）是与有利的能源市场条件或激励措施（“绿色气体”或碳税）相结合的中期投资成本降低前景确定的。在此条件下，两种技术在最优装机功率方面可以达到等效，电-气成本比在1.8 ~ 2之间。在最有趣的情况下，由于风能转化为天然气，P2G系统带来了较低的风电总注入电网，同时它可以减少由于电网拥堵和风力发电场弃风造成的能量损失；然而，由于燃气轮机运行和由于电力生产减少而产生的额外二氧化碳排放往往会抵消或限制无碳气体生产的积极影响。(C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Limited dispatchability of wind parks and unexpected grid power injections create unbalances between the generated electric power and the actual required power that has to be reduced for proper operation of the electrical grid. The increasing amount of renewable energy sources stresses this problein in several countries, where the responses in terms of reinforcement of transmission lines and ancillary services are not sufficiently fast or effective. In this study, we analyze the potential of a grid balancing system based on different combinations of traditional gas turbine based power plants with innovative 'power-to-gas' plants. Power-to-gas is a promising solution to balance the electric grid, based on water electrolysis, which can effectively contribute to reducing the uncertainty of dispatch plans. According to this system, the excess power produced by renewables is converted into hydrogen, which can be then injected into the natural gas grid. Different economic scenarios are assessed in this work, leading to a set of optimal sizes of the proposed system, using a statistical approach in order to estimate wind farm productivity and forecasting errors, as well as each component load conditions. Economic parameters, equivalent operating hours, CO2 emissions and lost wind energy are the main performances indexes considered in this work to compare gas turbine and electrolysis balancing systems. From an economic point of view, hybrid systems including both balancing technologies generally lead to the best performances. The scenario which leads to the highest power-to-gas capacity (with installed electrolysis power of about 6% of wind park nominal power) is determined coupling a mid-term perspective of reduction in investment costs with favorable energy market conditions or with incentives ("green-gas" or carbon taxes). In such conditions, an equivalence between the two technologies in terms of optimum installed power can be reached at an electricity-to-natural gas cost ratio between 1.8 and 2. In most interesting scenarios, the P2G system brings about a lower total wind electricity injected in the grid, due to wind-to-gas energy conversion, while it allows reducing energy losses due to grid congestion and curtailment of the wind park; however, the additional CO2 emissions due to gas turbines operation and due to the reduced electricity production tend to offset or to limit the positive effect of the carbon-free gas production. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.