Producing Expertise in a Transitional Justice Setting: Judges at Rwanda's Gacaca Courts: Producing Expertise in a Transitional Justice Setting
Producing Expertise in a Transitional Justice Setting: Judges at Rwanda's Gacaca Courts: Producing Expertise in a Transitional Justice Setting
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在过渡时期司法环境中提供专业知识：卢旺达加卡卡法院的法官：在过渡时期司法环境中提供专业知识
DOI：
10.1111/lsi.12347
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gertz, Evelyn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nyseth Brehm, Hollie;Smith, Christi;Gertz, Evelyn
在1994年针对图西人的种族灭绝事件之后，卢旺达政府设立了法院，以追究数十万涉嫌种族灭绝的人的责任。面对前所未有的案件数量，每个社区都选举了被称为inyangamugayo的非专业法官来主持法庭程序。这些人之前没有接受过法律培训，他们接受了长达十年的审判，判处的刑罚从轻微罚款到终身监禁不等。本文取材于对前因扬加穆加约的46次访谈，做出两点主要贡献。首先，我们考察了在动荡时期，专业界限是如何改变的，以至于外行执行通常由专业人士承担的任务。第二，我们强调社会资本--更具体地说，声誉--在inyangamugayo选举和任务中的中心地位。在这样做的过程中，我们说明了inyangamugayo人如何利用他们的声誉确保社区其他成员在裁决灭绝种族罪方面进行合作。
In the aftermath of the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi, the Government of Rwanda created courts to hold hundreds of thousands of suspected génocidaires accountable. Faced with an unprecedented volume of cases, each community elected lay judges known as inyangamugayo to preside over the court proceedings. With no prior legal training, these individuals held trials for a decade, levying sentences ranging from minor fines to life in prison. This article draws from forty-six interviews with former inyangamugayo to make two primary contributions. First, we examine how professional boundaries shifted during a period of upheaval such that laypeople performed tasks typically undertaken by professionals. Second, we highlight the centrality of social capital—and, more specifically, reputations—in the inyangamugayo’s election and tasks. In doing so, we illustrate how the inyangamugayo leveraged their reputations to secure the cooperation of fellow community members in adjudicating crimes of genocide.