Postrelease movement and habitat selection of translocated pine martens Martes martes
Postrelease movement and habitat selection of translocated pine martens Martes martes
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易位松貂放归后的运动和生境选择
作者：
Catherine M. McNicol;D. Bavin;S. Bearhop;J. Bridges;Elizabeth Croose;R. Gill;Cecily E. D. Goodwin;John G. Lewis;J. MacPherson;D. Padfield;H. Schofield;M. Silk;A. Tomlinson;R. Mcdonald
摘要监测动物迁徙后的活动是评估动物保育易位的重要手段。我们将39只野生松貂(19只雌性，20只雄性)从苏格兰转移到威尔士。我们在2015年将它们放生到森林地区，没有具体的细节，随后在2016年第二次放生，与之前放生的动物一起。我们使用无线电跟踪来描述迁徙后的运动和栖息地的选择。在追踪期间，6只貂(15%)没有再遇上，其中4只进行了长途散布。对于剩下的个体，我们将行动的两个阶段描述为“探索”和“定居”，这两个阶段在不同的释放中是不同的。在第一次放生中，貂停留在探索阶段的平均时间为14.5天(SE=3.9天)，并在与放养点的平均距离8.7公里(SE=1.8公里)处安家；而在第二年放生的貂与居留的松鼠一起，离开放养点的速度更快，定居的时间更早，平均为6.6天(SE=1.8天)，但距离放养点的平均距离为14.0公里(SE=1.7公里)。第一年放生的动物总体上没有表现出栖息地偏好，但在它们喜欢最近砍伐的森林区域，而第二年放生的动物显示出对森林栖息地的强烈选择，但不区分森林类型。同种群的存在似乎对移居的貂的定居和地点保真度有影响，并与后一群的更快但更远的扩散有关。近距离放生动物似乎促进了地点的保真度，并在受体环境中迅速建立了范围。
Abstract Monitoring postrelease establishment and movement of animals is important in evaluating conservation translocations. We translocated 39 wild pine martens Martes martes (19 females, 20 males) from Scotland to Wales. We released them into forested areas with no conspecifics in 2015, followed by a second release in 2016, alongside the previously released animals. We used radio‐tracking to describe postrelease movement and habitat selection. Six martens (15%) were not re‐encountered during the tracking period, of which four undertook long‐distance dispersal. For the remaining individuals, we characterized two phases of movement, “exploration” followed by “settlement,” that differed between releases. In the first release, martens remained in exploration phase for a mean of 14.5 days (SE = 3.9 days) and settled at a mean distance of 8.7 km (SE = 1.8 km) from release sites, whereas martens released in year two, alongside resident conspecifics, traveled away from release sites at a faster rate, settling sooner, at a mean of 6.6 days (SE = 1.8 days), but further, at a mean distance of 14.0 km (SE = 1.7 km) from release sites. Animals released in year one did not exhibit habitat preferences overall but within forests they favored recently felled areas, whereas animals released in year two showed strong selection for forested habitat but did not discriminate between forest types. The presence of conspecifics appeared influential for settlement and site fidelity of translocated martens and was associated with more rapid but more distant dispersal of the later cohort. Releases of animals in close proximity appeared to promote site fidelity and rapid establishment of ranges in the recipient environment.