Operant conditioning of enhanced pain sensitivity by heat-pain titration
Operant conditioning of enhanced pain sensitivity by heat-pain titration
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pain.2008.07.018
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发表时间：
2008-11-15
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Hoelzl, Rupert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker, Susanne;Kleinboehl, Dieter;Hoelzl, Rupert
操作性条件反射机制已被证明在慢性疼痛的发展中是重要的。大多数实验研究都研究了外在强化（如言语强化）对言语疼痛报告的操作性调节，但这是否反映了伤害性刺激的主观体验中的实际挑战尚不清楚。本研究重复并扩展了我们之前的研究，即健康参与者对长时间热痛刺激的增强疼痛敏感性可以通过独立于口头疼痛报告的内在强化（伤害性的偶然变化）来学习。此外。我们检查是否不同强度的强化差异增强疼痛敏感性使用操作性热痛滴定范式。它是基于先前开发的非语言行为歧视任务来评估敏化。它利用对刺激温度的选择性下调或上调来响应主观强度的变化。在操作性热痛滴定中，这种区别性行为而非口头疼痛报告会因急性热痛强度的降低或增加而偶然加强或惩罚。强化强度在低（N-1 = 13）、中（N-2 = 11）和高（N-3 = 12）三组之间有所不同。采用连续强化的方法获取和训练蚂蚁的行为，然后采用局部强化的方法分析其学习机制。结果表明，1 h内的操作性学习增强了对长时间热痛刺激的敏化，敏化程度直接依赖于接收到的强化强度。因此，基于内在强化的操作性学习机制可能为慢性疼痛期间持续超敏反应的逐渐发展提供了解释。(C) 2008年国际疼痛研究协会。Elsevier B.V.版权所有。
Operant conditioning mechanisms have been demonstrated to be important in the development of chronic pain. Most experimental studies have investigated the operant modulation of verbal pain reports with extrinsic reinforcement, such as verbal reinforcement Whether this reflects actual challenges in the subjective experience of the nociceptive stimulus remained unclear. This study replicates and extends our previous demonstration that enhanced pain sensitivity to prolonged heat-pain stimulation could be learned in healthy participants through intrinsic reinforcement (contingent changes in nociceptive) independent of verbal pain reports. In addition. we examine whether different magnitude of reinforcement differentially enhance pain sensitivity using an operant heat-pain titration paradigm. It is based on the previously developed non-verbal behavioral discrimination task for the assessment of sensitization. which uses discriminative down- or up-regulation of stimulus temperatures in response to changes in subjective intensity. In operant heat-pain titration, this discriminative behavior and not verbal pain report was contingently reinforced or punished by acute decreases or increases in heat-pain intensity. The magnitude of reinforcement was varied between three groups: low (N-1 = 13), medium (N-2 = 11) and high reinforcement (N-3 = 12). Continuous reinforcement was applied to acquire and train the oeprant behavior, followed by partial reinforcement to analyze the underlying learning mechanisms. Results demonstrated that sensitization to prolonged heat-pain stimulation was enhanced by operant learning within 1 h. The extent of sensitization was directly dependent on the received magnitude of reinforcement. Thus, operant learning mechanisms based on intrinsic reinforcement may provide and explanation for the gradual development of sustained hypersensitivity during pain that is becoming chronic. (C) 2008 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.