Economic impact of malaria in Malawian households.
Economic impact of malaria in Malawian households.
复制标题
疟疾对马拉维家庭的经济影响。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Chitsulo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ettling;D. McFarland;L. J. Schultz;L. Chitsulo
1992年在马拉维进行的一项全国性疟疾知识、态度和做法调查中，向户主询问了家庭收入和家庭在治疗或预防疟疾方面的支出。平均每年入息为68元的极低收入住户占抽样住户的52%。这些家庭的主要收入来源是农业生产（92%），生产的大部分商品由家庭消费，不能作为可自由支配的收入。预防疟疾的支出因家庭收入水平而异。只有4%的极低收入家庭将资源用于疟疾预防措施，而其他家庭的这一比例为16%。相比之下，超过40%的家庭，无论收入水平如何，都报告了疟疾治疗支出。在报告的疟疾病例中，几乎有一半在保健设施寻求治疗，每个儿童病例的费用为0.21美元，每个成人病例为0.63美元。家庭成员治疗疟疾疾病的直接总支出在极低收入家庭中为每年19.13加元（占年收入的28%），在低收入和高收入家庭中为每年19.84加元（占年收入的2%）。根据损失的工作天数计算，疟疾的间接成本在极低收入家庭中为每年2.13美元（占年收入的3.1%），在低收入和高收入家庭中为每年20.61美元（占年收入的2.2%）。极低收入家庭在疟疾的经济负担中所占份额不成比例，这些家庭的疟疾直接和间接费用总额占家庭年收入的32%，而低收入至高收入类别的家庭为4.2%。
Household heads were questioned about household income and household expenditures on the treatment or prevention of malaria in a nationwide malaria knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey conducted in Malawi in 1992. Very low income households with an average annual income of $68 constituted 52% of the sampled households. The primary income source for these households was farm production (92%), with the majority of goods produced consumed by the household and not available as discretionary income. Expenditure on malaria prevention varied with household income level. Only 4% of very low income households spent resources on malaria preventive measures compared to 16% of other households. In contrast, over 40% of all households, independent of income level, reported expenditures on malaria treatment. Almost half of the reported malaria cases sought treatment at a health facility at a cost of $0.21 per child case and $0.63 per adult case. The overall direct expenditure on treatment of malaria illness in household members was $19.13 per year (28% of annual income) among very low income households and $19.84 per year (2% of annual income) among low to high income households. The indirect cost of malaria, calculated on the basis of days of work lost, was $2.13 per year (3.1% of annual income) among very low income households and $20.61 per year (2.2% of annual income) among low to high income households. Very low income households carried a disproportionate share of the economic burden of malaria, with total direct and indirect cost of malaria among these households consuming 32% of annual household income compared to 4.2% among households in the low to high income categories.