Monitoring and verification of soil carbon changes under Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol
Monitoring and verification of soil carbon changes under Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol
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《京都议定书》第3.4条规定的土壤碳变化监测和核查
DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00367.x
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Philip Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Philip Smith
抽象的。《马拉喀什协定》允许将生物圈碳汇和碳源纳入实现《京都议定书》第一承诺期减排目标的努力。森林管理、农田管理、牧场管理和恢复植被是《京都议定书》第3.4条所允许的活动。因此，土壤碳汇和碳源可列入这些活动。《京都议定书》规定，应考虑到碳的汇和源，同时考虑到不确定性、报告的透明度和可核查程度。在最严格的情况下，可核查意味着在承诺期开始和结束时对每一块受第3.4条活动制约的地理参照土地进行抽样，采用给予足够统计权力的抽样制度。土壤和植被样本和记录将被存档，来自每一块土地的数据将被汇总，以产生国家数字。提供第二套独立核查数据将需要不同的方法。在国家一级开展这项工作的成本将高得令人望而却步。最不严格的是，可核查需要报告特定做法下的地区(没有地理参照)，并为每个做法使用碳储量变化的缺省值，以推断该做法下所有地区的变化。这些极端之间的可验证性的定义将允许使用简单的方法来估计土壤碳的变化，例如根据IPCC土壤二氧化碳通量缺省值得出的方法。这可能使大多数缔约方能够在第一个承诺期(2008-2012年)开始时实现低水平的可核查。
Abstract. The Marrakech Accords allow biospheric carbon sinks and sources to be included in attempts to meet emission reduction targets for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Forest management, cropland management, grazing land management and re‐vegetation are allowable activities under Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol. Soil carbon sinks and sources can therefore be included under these activities. The Kyoto Protocol states that sinks and sources of carbon should be accounted for ‘taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability’. At its most stringent, verifiability would entail the sampling of each geo‐referenced piece of land subject to an Article 3.4 activity at the beginning and end of a commitment period, using a sampling regime that gives adequate statistical power. Soil and vegetation samples and records would be archived and the data from each piece of land aggregated to produce a national figure. Separate methods would be required to deliver a second set of independent verification data. Such an undertaking at the national level would be prohibitively expensive. At its least stringent, verifiability would entail the reporting of areas under a given practice (without geo‐referencing) and the use of default values for a carbon stock change for each practice, to infer a change for all areas under that practice. A definition of verifiability between these extremes would allow simple methods, such as those derived from IPCC default values for CO2 fluxes from soil, to be used for estimating changes in soil carbon. These may enable low‐level verifiability to be achieved by most parties by the beginning of the first commitment period (2008–2012).