Vital Signs: Changes in Firearm Homicide and Suicide Rates - United States, 2019-2020.
Vital Signs: Changes in Firearm Homicide and Suicide Rates - United States, 2019-2020.
复制标题
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm7119e1
复制
发表时间：
2022-05-13
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
2020年，美国大部分凶杀案（79%）和自杀案（53%）涉及枪支。高枪支杀人和自杀率以及种族和族裔以及贫困程度造成的相应不平等是重要的公共卫生问题。这项研究调查了2020年COVID-19大流行出现时枪支杀人和枪支自杀率的变化。国家生命统计和人口数据已与州一级的城市化和贫穷计量相结合。基于人口的枪支杀人和自杀率按年龄，性别，种族和民族，地理区域，城市化水平和贫困程度进行了检查。从2019年到2020年，整体枪支凶杀率上升了34.6%，从每10万人4.6人上升到6.1人。最大的增加发生在10-44岁的非西班牙裔黑人或非洲裔美国人男性和25-44岁的非西班牙裔美国印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民（AI/AN）男性中。在最低贫困水平，枪支杀人率最低，增幅最小，在较高贫困水平，枪支杀人率较高，增幅较大。从2019年到2020年，整体枪支自杀率保持相对不变（7.9至8.1）;然而，在一些人群中，包括10-44岁的AI/AN男性，自杀率确实有所增加。在COVID-19大流行期间，美国的枪支杀人率达到自1994年以来的最高水平，多个人口亚群的枪支杀人率大幅上升。这些增长扩大了按种族和族裔以及贫困程度分列的比率差距。枪支自杀率也有几次上升。迫切需要实施综合战略，采用行之有效的办法，解决导致暴力和自杀风险的根本经济、物质和社会条件，以减少这些比率和差距。
The majority of homicides (79%) and suicides (53%) in the United States involved a firearm in 2020. High firearm homicide and suicide rates and corresponding inequities by race and ethnicity and poverty level represent important public health concerns. This study examined changes in firearm homicide and firearm suicide rates coinciding with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. National vital statistics and population data were integrated with urbanization and poverty measures at the county level. Population-based firearm homicide and suicide rates were examined by age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic area, level of urbanization, and level of poverty. From 2019 to 2020, the overall firearm homicide rate increased 34.6%, from 4.6 to 6.1 per 100,000 persons. The largest increases occurred among non-Hispanic Black or African American males aged 10–44 years and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) males aged 25–44 years. Rates of firearm homicide were lowest and increased least at the lowest poverty level and were higher and showed larger increases at higher poverty levels. The overall firearm suicide rate remained relatively unchanged from 2019 to 2020 (7.9 to 8.1); however, in some populations, including AI/AN males aged 10–44 years, rates did increase. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the firearm homicide rate in the United States reached its highest level since 1994, with substantial increases among several population subgroups. These increases have widened disparities in rates by race and ethnicity and poverty level. Several increases in firearm suicide rates were also observed. Implementation of comprehensive strategies employing proven approaches that address underlying economic, physical, and social conditions contributing to the risks for violence and suicide is urgently needed to reduce these rates and disparities.