Dimensional bias and adaptive adjustments in inhibitory control of monkeys
Dimensional bias and adaptive adjustments in inhibitory control of monkeys
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10071-021-01483-7
复制
发表时间：
2021-02-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Mansouri, Farshad A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghasemian, Sadegh;Vardanjani, Marzieh M.;Mansouri, Farshad A.
人类和猕猴在进行威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）时，显示出对特定感官维度（例如颜色或形状）的显着行为偏差；然而，前额皮质区域的损伤并不能消除猴子的尺寸偏差，因此，有人提出这些偏差出现在视觉信息处理的早期阶段。目前尚不清楚这种维度偏差是否是 WCST 所独有的，其中需要维度之间的注意力转移，或者影响执行功能的其他方面，例如“反应抑制”和“错误引起的行为调整”。为了解决这个问题，我们训练了六只猴子（Macaca mulatta）执行停止信号任务，当通过改变视觉刺激的颜色或形状发出抑制指令时，它们必须抑制自己的反应。停止信号反应时间（SSRT）是抑制过程的指标。在所有猴子中，当形状尺寸的变化充当停止提示时，SSRT 显着缩短，并且成功抑制的概率显着更高。人类在反应抑制失败后表现出反应减慢，并且在面对反应抑制的要求后也会适应主动减慢。我们在猴子的行为中发现了这种具有相同模式的适应性行为调整。然而，尺寸偏差并没有调节它们。我们的研究结果表明，在两种不同的执行控制任务中，猴子的尺寸偏差具有相同的模式，这支持了这样的假设：形状尺寸的偏差出现在视觉信息处理的早期阶段。
Humans and macaque monkeys, performing a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), show a significant behavioral bias to a particular sensory dimension (e.g. color or shape); however, lesions in prefrontal cortical regions do not abolish the dimensional biases in monkeys and, therefore, it has been proposed that these biases emerge in earlier stages of visual information processing. It remains unclear whether such dimensional biases are unique to the WCST, in which attention-shifting between dimensions are required, or affect other aspects of executive functions such as 'response inhibition' and 'error-induced behavioral adjustments'. To address this question, we trained six monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to perform a stop-signal task in which they had to inhibit their response when an instruction for inhibition was given by changing the color or shape of a visual stimulus. Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT) is an index of inhibitory processes. In all monkeys, SSRT was significantly shorter, and the probability of a successful inhibition was significantly higher, when a change in the shape dimension acted as the stop-cue. Humans show a response slowing following a failure in response inhibition and also adapt a proactive slowing after facing demands for response inhibition. We found such adaptive behavioral adjustments, with the same pattern, in monkeys' behavior; however, the dimensional bias did not modulate them. Our findings, showing dimensional bias in monkey, with the same pattern, in two different executive control tasks support the hypothesis that the bias to shape dimension emerges in early stages of visual information processing.