ERROR DETECTING AND ERROR CORRECTING CODES
ERROR DETECTING AND ERROR CORRECTING CODES
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DOI：
10.1002/j.1538-7305.1950.tb00463.x
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发表时间：
1950-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HAMMING, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HAMMING, RW
作者的研究是基于对大型计算机的考虑，在这种计算机中，大量的操作必须在最终结果中执行，而不能出现任何错误。大规模“做对事情”的问题本质上并不新鲜；例如，在电话中心局中，虽然还没有完全消除导致打错号码的错误，但在执行大量操作的同时，这些错误也得到了很好的控制。这在一定程度上是通过使用自检电路实现的。偶尔的失败逃脱了例行检查，仍然会被客户发现，如果它持续存在，将导致客户投诉，而如果它是暂时的，它将只产生偶尔的错误号码。与此同时，中央办公室的其他部门运作良好。另一方面，在数字计算机中，一次故障通常意味着彻底的故障，也就是说，如果检测到故障，在找到并纠正故障之前，不能再进行任何计算，而如果没有检测到故障，则机器随后的所有操作都将失效。换句话说，在电话中心局中有许多平行的路径它们或多或少是相互独立的；在数字机器中，通常有一条长路径要经过同一设备很多很多次才能得到答案。
The author was led to the study given in this paper from a consideration of large scale computing machines in which a large number of operations must be performed without a single error in the end result. This problem of “doing things right” on a large scale is not essentially new; in a telephone central office, for example, a very large number of operations are performed while the errors leading to wrong numbers are kept well under control, though they have not been completely eliminated. This has been achieved, in part, through the use of self-checking circuits. The occasional failure that escapes routine checking is still detected by the customer and will, if it persists, result in customer complaint, while if it is transient it will produce only occasional wrong numbers. At the same time the rest of the central office functions satisfactorily. In a digital computer, on the other hand, a single failure usually means the complete failure, in the sense that if it is detected no more computing can be done until the failure is located and corrected, while if it escapes detection then it invalidates all subsequent operations of the machine. Put in other words, in a telephone central office there are a number of parallel paths which are more or less independent of each other; in a digital machine there is usually a single long path which passes through the same piece of equipment many, many times before the answer is obtained.