Stimulation of Single, Possible CHX10 Hindbrain Neurons Turns Swimming On and Off in Young Xenopus Tadpoles
Stimulation of Single, Possible CHX10 Hindbrain Neurons Turns Swimming On and Off in Young Xenopus Tadpoles
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DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2019.00047
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发表时间：
2019-02
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Wen-Chang Li;S. Soffe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wen-Chang Li;S. Soffe
控制运动的脊椎动物中枢模式发生器（CPGs）包含提供驱动和维持网络节律的兴奋的神经元。在发育中的爪蟾蝌蚪中，我们研究了具有同侧突出轴突的兴奋性下降神经元（下降中间神经元，dINs）在控制游泳节律中的作用。在中枢神经系统（CNS）完整和后脑断裂的蝌蚪中，刺激尾部后脑区域的一些个体dINs可以开始重复游泳。分析表明，在这种诱发的dIN峰值之后和游泳之前，额外的dIN立即被招募。因此，dINs的激发足以使游泳开始。这些“强大的”din都拥有上行和下行轴突。然而，它们的轴突投射长度与类似位置的其他兴奋性dINs没有差异。作为一个群体，dINs的背腹侧位置与免疫细胞化学标记的转录因子CHX10的位置明显优于其他已知的后脑和脊髓腹侧神经元类型。比较表明，包括dINs在内的兴奋性中间神经元是CHX10阳性，这与CHX10作为其他脊椎动物脊髓和脑干中具有同侧投射的兴奋性神经元的标志物一致。总的来说，我们的研究结果进一步证明了dINs在驱动蝌蚪游泳节律中的关键重要性。
Vertebrate central pattern generators (CPGs) controlling locomotion contain neurons which provide the excitation that drives and maintains network rhythms. In a simple vertebrate, the developing Xenopus tadpole, we study the role of excitatory descending neurons with ipsilateral projecting axons (descending interneurons, dINs) in the control of swimming rhythms. In tadpoles with both intact central nervous system (CNS) and transections in the hindbrain, exciting some individual dINs in the caudal hindbrain region could start swimming repeatedly. Analyses indicated the recruitment of additional dINs immediately after such evoked dIN spiking and prior to swimming. Excitation of dINs can therefore be sufficient for the initiation of swimming. These “powerful” dINs all possessed both ascending and descending axons. However, their axon projection lengths were not different from those of other excitatory dINs at similar locations. The dorsoventral position of dINs, as a population, significantly better matched that of cells marked by immunocytochemistry for the transcription factor CHX10 than other known neuron types in the ventral hindbrain and spinal cord. The comparison suggests that the excitatory interneurons including dINs are CHX10-positive, in agreement with CHX10 as a marker for excitatory neurons with ipsilateral projections in the spinal cord and brainstem of other vertebrates. Overall, our results further demonstrate the key importance of dINs in driving tadpole swimming rhythms.