Escherichia coli and enterococci at beaches in the Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan:: Sources, characteristics, and environmental pathways
Escherichia coli and enterococci at beaches in the Grand Traverse Bay, Lake Michigan:: Sources, characteristics, and environmental pathways
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DOI：
10.1021/es021062n
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发表时间：
2003-08-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Wright, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haack, SK;Fogarty, LR;Wright, C
本研究定量大肠杆菌（EC）和肠球菌（ENT）在海滩沃茨和主要来源材料，这些与环境条件相关，并确定选定的EC基因型和ENT表型。饮用水ENT标准超过更频繁地比EC标准，提供相互矛盾的水质解释。EC和ENT的主要来源是鸟粪（10（8）/d/只）、雨水（10（7）/d）和河水（10（11）/d）;海滩砂、浅层地下水和碎屑是其他来源。海滩水EC基因型和ENT表型形成集群与那些从所有源类型，反映扩散输入。一些耳鼻喉科分离株具有与人类病原体相似的表型和/或对人类使用的抗生素表现出高水平的耐药性。EC和ENT浓度受收集时间和风向的影响。有一个48-72小时的降雨和EC浓度升高之间的滞后在南部海岸线的海滩，但没有这样的滞后在西部和东部海岸线的海滩，反映了海滩方向的影响，相对于循环（3-5天）夏季天气模式。除了当地的污染源和过程，五大湖海滩水质的概念或预测模型应考虑区域天气模式，湖泊水动力学，以及监测方法变量（一天中的时间，频率）的影响。
This study quantified Escherichia coli(EC) and enterococci (ENT) in beach waters and dominant source materials, correlated these with ambient conditions, and determined selected EC genotypes and ENT phenotypes. Bathing-water ENT criteria were exceeded more frequently than EC criteria, providing conflicting interpretations of water quality. Dominant sources of EC and ENT were bird feces (10(8)/d/bird), storm drains (10(7)/d), and river water (10(11)/d); beach sands, shallow groundwater and detritus were additional sources. Beach-water EC genotypes and ENT phenotypes formed clusters with those from all source types, reflecting diffuse inputs. Some ENT isolates had phenotypes similar to those of human pathogens and/or exhibited high-level resistance to human-use antibiotics. EC and ENT concentrations were influenced by collection time and wind direction. There was a 48-72-h lag between rainfall and elevated EC concentrations at three southern shoreline beaches, but no such lag at western and eastern shoreline beaches, reflecting the influence of beach orientation with respect to cyclic (3-5 d) summer weather patterns. In addition to local contamination sources and processes, conceptual or predictive models of Great Lakes beach water quality should consider regional weather patterns, lake hydrodynamics, and the influence of monitoring method variables (time of day, frequency).