The Dynamics of Interactions Among Immune and Glioblastoma Cells
The Dynamics of Interactions Among Immune and Glioblastoma Cells
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DOI：
10.1007/s12017-015-8362-x
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Kalman, Bernadette
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eder, Katalin;Kalman, Bernadette
胶质母细胞瘤是最常见的颅内恶性肿瘤，占所有胶质瘤的约50%。尽管积极的多模式治疗包括手术、放疗和化疗，但胶质母细胞瘤患者的结局仍然很差，5年生存率<10%。对常规治疗的耐药性很可能是由几个因素引起的。局部免疫介质功能的改变可能是这种抵抗的关键因素。除了癌细胞及其周围基质外，肿瘤微环境还含有先天性和适应性免疫细胞。这些不同的细胞通过直接的细胞-细胞接触或通过可溶性因子（包括细胞因子和趋化因子）彼此通信，并且以自分泌和旁分泌方式起作用以调节肿瘤生长。局部免疫元件和肿瘤细胞之间存在动态相互作用，其中主要是保护性免疫细胞试图克服恶性细胞。然而，通过发展体细胞突变和表观遗传修饰，胶质母细胞瘤肿瘤细胞获得了抵消局部免疫反应的能力，甚至利用免疫细胞和产物来获得自身的生长益处。在这篇综述中，我们调查这些免疫机制，可能有助于胶质母细胞瘤的发病机制，并可能作为新的治疗策略的基础。
Glioblastoma is the most common intracranial malignancy that constitutes about 50 % of all gliomas. Despite aggressive, multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the outcome of patients with glioblastoma remains poor with 5-year survival rates of < 10 %. Resistance to conventional therapies is most likely caused by several factors. Alterations in the functions of local immune mediators may represent a critical contributor to this resistance. The tumor microenvironment contains innate and adaptive immune cells in addition to the cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. These various cells communicate with each other by means of direct cell-cell contact or by soluble factors including cytokines and chemokines, and act in autocrine and paracrine manners to modulate tumor growth. There are dynamic interactions among the local immune elements and the tumor cells, where primarily the protective immune cells attempt to overcome the malignant cells. However, by developing somatic mutations and epigenetic modifications, the glioblastoma tumor cells acquire the capability of counteracting the local immune responses, and even exploit the immune cells and products for their own growth benefits. In this review, we survey those immune mechanisms that likely contribute to glioblastoma pathogenesis and may serve as a basis for novel treatment strategies.