Reducing waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical research
Reducing waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical research
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62228-x
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发表时间：
2014-01-18
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Wager, Elizabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glasziou, Paul;Altman, Douglas G.;Wager, Elizabeth
研究出版物既可以沟通，也可以错误沟通。除非研究得到充分报告，否则投入在研究中的时间和资源就会被浪费。 CONSORT、STARD、PRISMA 和 ARRIVE 等报告指南旨在提高研究报告的质量，但所有这些指南的采用和遵守都远远低于应有的程度。充分的研究报告应清楚地描述解决了哪些问题以及原因、做了什么、显示了什么以及研究结果的含义。然而，这些要素中的每一个都发生了严重的故障。例如，对已发表的试验报告的研究表明，对干预措施的描述不充分意味着 40-89% 的干预措施是不可复制的；方案与出版物的比较表明，大多数研究至少改变、引入或省略了一项主要结果；新试验的研究人员很少在系统评价的背景下得出他们的发现，并引用了之前相关试验的一小部分且有偏见的选择。尽管在对照试验报告中得到了最好的记录，但在所有类型的研究中都存在不充分的报告——动物和其他临床前研究、诊断研究、流行病学研究、临床预测研究、调查和定性研究。在本报告以及整个系列中，我们指出了医学研究各个阶段的浪费。尽管对研究的进行、写作和出版所涉及的复杂系统有更细致的了解是可取的，但可以立即采取一些行动来改进研究报告。一些建议的证据是明确的：改变当前的研究奖励和法规体系，以鼓励更好、更完整的报告，并资助基础设施的开发和维护，以支持更好地报告、链接和归档所有研究要素。然而，大量的浪费也需要未来对研究报告的监测和研究进行投资，并积极落实研究结果，以确保研究报告更好地满足研究用户范围的需求。
Research publication can both communicate and miscommunicate. Unless research is adequately reported, the time and resources invested in the conduct of research is wasted. Reporting guidelines such as CONSORT, STARD, PRISMA, and ARRIVE aim to improve the quality of research reports, but all are much less adopted and adhered to than they should be. Adequate reports of research should clearly describe which questions were addressed and why, what was done, what was shown, and what the findings mean. However, substantial failures occur in each of these elements. For example, studies of published trial reports showed that the poor description of interventions meant that 40-89% were non-replicable; comparisons of protocols with publications showed that most studies had at least one primary outcome changed, introduced, or omitted; and investigators of new trials rarely set their findings in the context of a systematic review, and cited a very small and biased selection of previous relevant trials. Although best documented in reports of controlled trials, inadequate reporting occurs in all types of studies-animal and other preclinical studies, diagnostic studies, epidemiological studies, clinical prediction research, surveys, and qualitative studies. In this report, and in the Series more generally, we point to a waste at all stages in medical research. Although a more nuanced understanding of the complex systems involved in the conduct, writing, and publication of research is desirable, some immediate action can be taken to improve the reporting of research. Evidence for some recommendations is clear: change the current system of research rewards and regulations to encourage better and more complete reporting, and fund the development and maintenance of infrastructure to support better reporting, linkage, and archiving of all elements of research. However, the high amount of waste also warrants future investment in the monitoring of and research into reporting of research, and active implementation of the findings to ensure that research reports better address the needs of the range of research users.