Sex chromosome genes directly affect brain sexual differentiation
Sex chromosome genes directly affect brain sexual differentiation
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DOI：
10.1038/nn922
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
25
通讯作者：
Arnold, AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carruth, LL;Reisert, I;Arnold, AP
大脑中的性别差异是由性腺分泌物的差异引起的：胎儿和新生儿时期较高水平的睾丸激素导致男性大脑的发育与女性大脑不同。相比之下，性染色体上编码的基因并不被认为直接导致大脑发育中的性别差异，尽管男性（XY）细胞表达的y染色体基因在女性（XX）细胞中不存在，而且XX细胞可能具有更高剂量的某些x染色体基因。使用脑的遗传性别（XX vs XY）独立于性腺表型（睾丸vs卵巢）的小鼠，我们发现XY和XX脑细胞的表型不同，表明脑细胞的性染色体补体可能有助于其性别分化。
Sex differences in the brain are caused by differences in gonadal secretions: higher levels of testosterone during fetal and neonatal life cause the male brain to develop differently than the female brain. In contrast, genes encoded on the sex chromosomes are not thought to contribute directly to sex differences in brain development, even though male (XY) cells express Y-chromosome genes that are not present in female (XX) cells, and XX cells may have a higher dose of some X-chromosome genes. Using mice in which the genetic sex of the brain (XX versus XY) was independent of gonadal phenotype (testes versus ovaries), we found that XY and XX brain cells differed in phenotype, indicating that a brain cell's complement of sex chromosomes may contribute to its sexual differentiation.