Associations between dementia/mild cognitive impairment and cognitive performance and activity levels in youth
Associations between dementia/mild cognitive impairment and cognitive performance and activity levels in youth
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53361.x
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Strauss, ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fritsch, T;Smyth, KA;Strauss, ME
目的：研究痴呆症/轻度认知障碍(MCI)与青少年认知表现和活动水平的关系。设计：回溯性队列研究。设置：居住在美国各地的研究志愿者。对象：1940年代中期同一所高中毕业的396人(平均年龄75岁)。测量：青少年智商(IQ)得分来自存档的学生记录，14个活动水平来自年鉴。采用两阶段电话筛查程序(改良的老年人认知状况电话访谈或知情者认知衰退问卷，然后进行痴呆症问卷调查)以确定成年人的认知状况。结果：青少年智商高和活动水平高与痴呆/MCI的风险低独立相关(智商增加的优势比OR=0.51，95%可信区间(0)=0.32~0.79；单位活动增加的OR=0.32，95%CI=0.12~0.84)。在这个模型中，没有发现性别或教育程度与成人认知状态之间的关联。结论：年轻人的高智商和更多的活动水平降低了老年人认知障碍的风险。这些联系背后的机制(S)尚不清楚，但智力可能是认知/神经“储备”的标志，参与活动可能有助于“储备”。早期神经病理和确证偏差也是观察到的关联的可能解释。
OBJECTIVES: To study the associations between dementia/mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive performance and activity levels in youth.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.SETTING: Research volunteers living throughout the United States.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 396 persons (mean age 75) who were graduates of the same high school in the mid-1940s.MEASUREMENTS: Adolescent intelligence quotient (IQ) scores were gathered from archived student records, and 14 activity levels were determined from yearbooks. A two-stage telephone screening procedure (Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status or Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly followed by Dementia Questionnaire) was used to determine adult cognitive status. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to model the risk of cognitive impairment (dementia/MCI) versus no cognitive impairment as a function of IQ and activity level, adjusting for sex and education.RESULTS: High adolescent IQ and greater activity level were each independently associated with a lower risk for dementia/MCI (odds ratio (OR) for a I-standard deviation increase in IQ = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (0) = 0.32-0.79; OR for a unit increase in activity= 0.32, 95% Cl = 0.12-0.84). No association was found between sex or education and adult cognitive status in this model.CONCLUSION: High IQ and greater activity levels in youth reduce the risk for cognitive impairments in aging. The mechanism(s) underlying these associations are unknown, but intelligence may be a marker for cognitive/ neurological "reserve," and involvement in activities may contribute to "reserve." Early neuropathology and ascertainment bias are also possible explanations for the observed associations.