Biodiversity in urban habitat patches
Biodiversity in urban habitat patches
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.035
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Thompson, K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Angold, P. G.;Sadler, J. P.;Thompson, K.
我们研究了伯明翰(英国)城市栖息地的生物多样性，使用了对植物和步甲虫的实地调查、对四种蝴蝶的遗传研究、模拟花卉群落的人类本性以及对选定哺乳动物物种的空间显式模拟。该项目的目的是：(1)了解城市生物群模型的生态特征；(2)研究生境碎片大小和连通性对生态多样性和个体物种分布的影响；(3)预测城市中的生物多样性；(4)分析动植物利用城市绿道作为野生动物走廊和栖息地的程度。结果表明，城市为丰富多样的动植物提供了栖息地，这些动植物有时出现在不太可能的重组群落中。对步行动物和蝴蝶的研究表明，相对于城市内的地点位置，个别地点的栖息地质量相对重要。这表明，我们大多数城市物种的扩散并不是种群持续存在的限制因素，尽管林地步甲动物区系的元素确实似乎具有一些地理结构。理论模型表明，睡鼠和水鼠可能依靠线性栖息地进行扩散。模型还表明，其他群体，如小型和中型哺乳动物，可以使用走廊，尽管基于实地的研究没有提供任何证据表明植物或无脊椎动物使用城市绿道进行扩散。这一发现表明了确定城市绿道的目标物种或物种组的重要性，该目标物种或物种组旨在用作扩散通道，而不是本身作为栖息地。绿道对大多数群体的重要性在于，绿道提供了一系列不同的栖息地，渗透到城市环境中。我们建议，规划者可以通过放慢重新开发的步伐，通过不急于清理和重新开发棕地来对城市生物多样性产生积极影响。(C)2005 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
We examined the biodiversity of urban habitats in Birmingham (England) using a combination of field surveys of plants and carabid beetles, genetic studies of four species of butterflies, modelling the anthropochorous nature of the floral communities and spatially explicit modelling of selected mammal species. The aim of the project was to: (i) understand the ecological characteristics of the biota of cities model, (ii) examine the effects of habitat fragment size and connectivity upon the ecological diversity and individual species distributions, (iii) predict biodiversity in cities, and (iv) analyse the extent to which the flora and fauna utilise the,urban greenways' both as wildlife corridors and as habitats in their own right. The results suggest that cities provide habitats for rich and diverse range of plants and animals, which occur sometimes in unlikely recombinant communities. The studies on carabids and butterflies illustrated the relative importance of habitat quality on individual sites as opposed to site location within the conurbation. This suggests that dispersal for most of our urban species is not a limiting factor in population persistence, although elements of the woodland carabid fauna did appear to have some geographical structuring. Theoretical models suggested that dormice and water voles may depend on linear habitats for dispersal. The models also indicated that other groups, such as small and medium sized mammals, may use corridors, although field-based research did not provide any evidence to suggest that plants or invertebrates use urban greenways for dispersal. This finding indicates the importance of identifying a target species or group of species for urban greenways intended as dispersal routeways rather than as habitat in their own right. Their importance for most groups is rather that greenways provide a chain of different habitats permeating the urban environment. We suggest that planners can have a positive impact on urban biodiversity by slowing the pace of redevelopment and by not hurrying to tidy up and redevelop brownfield sites. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.