Racial Attitudes and Opposition to Welfare
Racial Attitudes and Opposition to Welfare
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种族态度和对福利的反对
DOI：
10.2307/2960399
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martin Gilens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin Gilens
这篇文章考察了种族态度在形成美国白人反对福利的过程中所起的作用。过去对福利观的研究主要集中在经济上的自利、个人主义和平等主义。使用协方差结构模型，我证实了这些因素的重要性，但发现种族态度实际上是白人反对福利的最重要来源。此外，种族态度影响了美国白人对福利国家各个方面的支持方式：对黑人的消极态度导致许多支持教育、医疗保健和老年人支出的白人反对专门针对穷人的经济状况调查计划。最后，这项研究对更广泛的种族和政治理论也有启示。与传统的种族偏见不再是美国政治中的一股强大力量的说法相反，我表明，至少传统偏见的一个方面——黑人懒惰的刻板印象——仍然普遍存在，并继续对白人的政治思维产生深远的影响。
This article examines the role of racial attitudes in shaping white Americans' opposition to welfare. Past research on welfare views has focused on economic self-interest, individualism, and egalitarianism. Using a covariance structure model, I confirm the significance of these factors, but find that racial attitudes are in fact the most important source of opposition to welfare among whites. In addition, racial attitudes influence the pattern of support white Americans express toward various aspects of the welfare state: negative attitudes toward blacks lead many whites who support spending for education, health care, and the elderly to oppose means-tested programs aimed exclusively at the poor. Finally, this research carries implications for broader theories of race and politics. Contrary to the suggestion that traditional racial prejudice is no longer a potent force in American politics, I show that at least one aspect of traditional prejudice--the stereotype of blacks as lazy--is still widespread and continues to have a profound impact on whites' political thinking.