Accessible AST-Based Programming for Visually-Impaired Programmers
Accessible AST-Based Programming for Visually-Impaired Programmers
复制标题
为视障程序员提供基于 AST 的无障碍编程
DOI:
10.1145/3287324.3287499
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Krishnamurthi, Shriram
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schanzer, Emmanuel;Bahram, Sina;Krishnamurthi, Shriram
Most programmers rely on visual tools (block-based editors, auto-indentation, bracket matching, syntax highlighting, etc.), which are inaccessible to visually-impaired programmers. While prior language-specific, downloadable tools have demonstrated benefits for the visually-impaired, we lack language-independent, cloud-based tools, both of which are critically needed. We present a new toolkit for building fully-accessible, browser-based programming environments for multiple languages. Given a parser that meets certain specifications, this toolkit will generate a block editor familiar to sighted users that also communicates the structure of a program using spoken descriptions, and allows for navigation using standard (accessible) keyboard shortcuts.This paper presents the toolkit and a first evaluation of it. While the toolkit allows for full editing of code, we chose to focus strictly on navigation for this evaluation, using the navigation-only study design of Baker, Milne and Ladner. Visually-impaired programmers completed several tasks with and without our tool, and we compared their results and experience. Users had improved accuracy when completing tasks, were significantly better able to orient when reading code, and felt better about completing the tasks when using the tool. Moreover, these improvements came with no significant change in task completion time over plain text, even for experienced programmers who navigate text using screen readers set to high words-per-minutes.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
2011
期刊:
Workshop on Evaluation and Usability of Programming Languages and Tools
影响因子:
--
作者:
A. Stefik;Susanna Siebert;Melissa Stefik;Kim Slattery
通讯作者:
Kim Slattery
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.07.002
发表时间:
2011
期刊:
Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud.
影响因子:
--
作者:
A. Stefik;C. Hundhausen;Robert Patterson
通讯作者:
Robert Patterson
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1958
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
R. Wilkin
通讯作者:
R. Wilkin
DOI:
10.1109/icpc.2009.5090064
发表时间:
2009
期刊:
2009 IEEE 17th International Conference on Program Comprehension
影响因子:
--
作者:
A. Stefik;A. Haywood;Shahzada Mansoor;B. Dunda;Daniel D. Garcia
通讯作者:
Daniel D. Garcia
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2007
期刊:
International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility
影响因子:
--
作者:
Becky Gibson
通讯作者:
Becky Gibson