Accessible AST-Based Programming for Visually-Impaired Programmers

Accessible AST-Based Programming for Visually-Impaired Programmers
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为视障程序员提供基于 AST 的无障碍编程

DOI:
10.1145/3287324.3287499
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
SIGCSE '19 Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Krishnamurthi, Shriram
Krishnamurthi, Shriram
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schanzer, Emmanuel;Bahram, Sina;Krishnamurthi, Shriram

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大多数程序员依赖于可视化工具(基于块的编辑器,自动缩进,括号匹配,语法突出显示等),这是视力受损的程序员无法访问的。虽然先前的语言特定的可下载工具已经证明了对视障人士的好处,但我们缺乏语言独立的基于云的工具,这两者都是急需的。我们提出了一个新的工具包,用于为多种语言构建完全可访问的,基于浏览器的编程环境。给定一个满足特定规范的解析器,该工具包将生成一个有视力的用户熟悉的块编辑器,该块编辑器还可以使用口头描述来传达程序的结构,并允许使用标准(可访问的)键盘快捷键。本文介绍了工具包和它的第一个评估。虽然工具包允许完全编辑代码,但我们选择严格关注这次评估的导航,使用Baker、Milne和拉德纳的仅导航研究设计。视障程序员在使用和不使用我们的工具的情况下完成了几项任务,我们比较了他们的结果和经验。用户在完成任务时提高了准确性,在阅读代码时能够更好地定位,并且在使用该工具时完成任务的感觉更好。此外,与纯文本相比,这些改进在任务完成时间上没有显着变化,即使对于使用设置为高每分钟字数的屏幕阅读器导航文本的经验丰富的程序员也是如此。
Most programmers rely on visual tools (block-based editors, auto-indentation, bracket matching, syntax highlighting, etc.), which are inaccessible to visually-impaired programmers. While prior language-specific, downloadable tools have demonstrated benefits for the visually-impaired, we lack language-independent, cloud-based tools, both of which are critically needed. We present a new toolkit for building fully-accessible, browser-based programming environments for multiple languages. Given a parser that meets certain specifications, this toolkit will generate a block editor familiar to sighted users that also communicates the structure of a program using spoken descriptions, and allows for navigation using standard (accessible) keyboard shortcuts.This paper presents the toolkit and a first evaluation of it. While the toolkit allows for full editing of code, we chose to focus strictly on navigation for this evaluation, using the navigation-only study design of Baker, Milne and Ladner. Visually-impaired programmers completed several tasks with and without our tool, and we compared their results and experience. Users had improved accuracy when completing tasks, were significantly better able to orient when reading code, and felt better about completing the tasks when using the tool. Moreover, these improvements came with no significant change in task completion time over plain text, even for experienced programmers who navigate text using screen readers set to high words-per-minutes.
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