Autism.
Autism.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61376-3
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发表时间：
2009-11-07
期刊：
影响因子：
168.9
通讯作者：
Schultz, Robert T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levy, Susan E.;Mandell, David S.;Schultz, Robert T.
自闭症谱系障碍的特征是严重的社交、沟通障碍，以及重复或不寻常的行为。随着时间的推移，这些疾病频率的增加(目前的比率约为每10000名儿童60例)可能归因于新的行政分类、政策和做法的变化以及意识的提高等因素。早期识别的监测和筛查战略可以使早期治疗和改善结果成为可能。自闭症谱系障碍是高度遗传性和多因素的，有许多危险因素共同作用。影响突触成熟的基因被牵连起来，导致神经生物学理论专注于基因表达的连通性和神经效应。有几种治疗方法可以解决核心症状和共病症状。然而，并不是所有的治疗都得到了充分的研究。利用表型特征和生物标志物(如电生理变化)进行早期识别的改进策略有望提高治疗效果。需要进一步了解自闭症的早期识别、神经生物学、有效治疗以及这种疾病对家庭的影响。
Autism spectrum disorders are characterised by severe deficits in socialisation, communication, and repetitive or unusual behaviours. Increases over time in the frequency of these disorders (to present rates of about 60 cases per 10 000 children) might be attributable to factors such as new administrative classifications, policy and practice changes, and increased awareness. Surveillance and screening strategies for early identification could enable early treatment and improved outcomes. Autism spectrum disorders are highly genetic and multifactorial, with many risk factors acting together. Genes that affect synaptic maturation are implicated, resulting in neurobiological theories focusing on connectivity and neural effects of gene expression. Several treatments might address core and comorbid symptoms. However, not all treatments have been adequately studied. Improved strategies for early identification with phenotypic characteristics and biological markers (eg, electrophysiological changes) might hopefully improve effectiveness of treatment. Further knowledge about early identification, neurobiology of autism, effective treatments, and the effect of this disorder on families is needed.