Niche modification and stability of competitive systems. II. Persistence of interspecific competitive systems with parasitoid wasps
Niche modification and stability of competitive systems. II. Persistence of interspecific competitive systems with parasitoid wasps
复制标题
竞争系统的利基修改和稳定性。
DOI：
10.1007/bf02515461
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Shimada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Shimada
以赤豆象为寄主，研究了两种单栖寄生蜂-红顶异翅小蜂（Anisopteromalus calandrae）和红顶异翅小蜂（Heterospilus prosopterus）实验种群在生态时间尺度上的生态位转移对竞争种群数量动态的影响。根据菜豆种类（红小豆或黑眼圈）和寄主分布（均匀分布或丛生分布）的组合，设置了四种资源条件。在每种资源条件下，提供4个发育阶段的寄主作为寄生蜂的资源谱，在多代竞争系统（MGCS）中，定期引入4个发育阶段的新鲜寄主，由两种寄生蜂竞争寄生，研究了两种寄生蜂在每种资源条件下的种群动态。这两种黄蜂的竞争共存发生在azuki丛生的条件下，在那里的资源利用曲线的峰值分离的两个物种; pupelinA。在H. prosoptera，A.在azuki-uniform条件下，去除了calandrae;在两种黑眼圈条件下，不论宿主分布如何，prosoptera都灭绝了。两种胡蜂在种群动态过程中资源利用模式的重叠程度在资源条件下没有显着差异，无论是共存还是灭绝的结果。然而，即使在Azuki-clumped条件下，A.当只有4龄晚期幼虫可供黄蜂利用而不能实现资源分配时，观察到Calandrae。进一步的分析实验表明，该菌的寄生能力较强。在小豆中，随着寄主密度的增加，白纹伊蚊的幼虫数量增加，而在小豆中，随着寄主密度的增加，白纹伊蚊的幼虫数量增加。与H.寄主密度对寄生能力的影响较大，寄主密度对寄生能力的影响较小。在不同的资源条件下，不同寄主阶段的卡兰德雷被认为是决定两个物种在不同资源条件下竞争共存或灭绝的主要因素。目前的实验还表明，不同的次优主机阶段之间的竞争对手可能是一个主要的影响因素，竞争共存。
Effects of niche shift in ecological time scale on the population dynamics of competing species were studied in the experimental populations of two parasitoid wasp species,Anisopteromalus calandraeandHeterospilus prosopidis(both are solitary parasites), on a host, the azuki bean weevil,Callosobruchus chinensis. Four resource conditions were set up with combination of kind of bean (azuki or black eye), and host distribution (uniform or clumped). In each resource condition, four developmental stages of hosts were provided as a resource spectrum for parasitoid wasps.Population dynamics of the two wasp populations were investigated in each resource condition in Multi-Generation Competitive Systems (MGCS), in which fresh hosts of four developmental stages were periodically introduced and were parasitized competitively by the two wasp species. Competitive coexistence of both wasps occurred in the azuki-clumped condition, where the peaks of the resource utilization curves separated in the two species; pupae inA. calandraeand the early or late fourth instar inH. prosopidis, A. calandraewas eliminated in the azuki-uniform condition andH. prosopidiswent extinct in two black eye conditions irrespective of host distributions. The degrees of overlap of the resource utilization patterns of the two wasp species during population dynamics were not significantly different among resource conditions irrespective of the results of coexistence or extinction. Even in the azuki-clumped condition, however, extinction ofA. calandraewas observed when resource partitioning could not be realized with only the late fourth instar larvae available to wasps. Further analytical experiments showed that parasitizing ability ofA. calandraeincreased with host density per bean with azuki beans, butA. calandraecould express higher parasitizing ability with black eye beans thanH. prosopidisirrespective of host density per bean.The flexibility in parasitizing ability byA. calandraefor various host stages under different resource conditions was thought to be the major factor in determining the competitive coexistence or the extinction of either species under different resource conditions. The present experiments also suggested that different second-best host stages between competitors could be a major contributing factor to competitive coexistence.