Autonomic Adjustments to Exercise in Humans
Autonomic Adjustments to Exercise in Humans
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c140022
复制
发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Fadel, Paul J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, James P.;Young, Colin N.;Fadel, Paul J.
自主神经系统对心脏和血管的调节对于调节满足运动期间工作骨骼肌的代谢需求所需的心血管反应是必要的。这些需求通过精确的运动强度依赖性交感神经和副交感神经活动的改变来满足。这篇综述的目的是研究交感神经和副交感神经系统在介导特定的心血管和血流动力学反应运动的贡献。这些自主神经流出的变化是由几个神经机制协调工作，包括中央命令，（源自高级脑中心的前馈机制），运动加压反射（源自骨骼肌的反馈机制），动脉压力感受器反射（源自颈动脉窦和主动脉弓的负反馈机制），和心肺压力感受器（来自位于心脏和肺中的牵张感受器的反馈机制）。此外，来自呼吸肌的动脉化学感受器和膈神经传入（即，呼吸代谢反射）也能够调节对运动的自主反应。我们的目标是提供一个详细的审查副交感神经和交感神经的变化，发生与运动之间的运动和稳态条件下，适当的区别。此外，研究表明上述神经机制的自主变化和随后的心脏和/或血管反应的贡献将被覆盖。(C)2015美国生理学会。
Autonomic nervous system adjustments to the heart and blood vessels are necessary for mediating the cardiovascular responses required to meet the metabolic demands of working skeletal muscle during exercise. These demands are met by precise exercise intensity-dependent alterations in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity. The purpose of this review is to examine the contributions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in mediating specific cardiovascular and hemodynamic responses to exercise. These changes in autonomic outflow are regulated by several neural mechanisms working in concert, including central command (a feed forward mechanism originating from higher brain centers), the exercise pressor reflex (a feed-back mechanism originating from skeletal muscle), the arterial baroreflex (a negative feed-back mechanism originating from the carotid sinus and aortic arch), and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors (a feed-back mechanism from stretch receptors located in the heart and lungs). In addition, arterial chemoreceptors and phrenic afferents from respiratory muscles (i.e., respiratory metaboreflex) are also capable of modulating the autonomic responses to exercise. Our goal is to provide a detailed review of the parasympathetic and sympathetic changes that occur with exercise distinguishing between the onset of exercise and steady-state conditions, when appropriate. In addition, studies demonstrating the contributions of each of the aforementioned neural mechanisms to the autonomic changes and ensuing cardiac and/or vascular responses will be covered. (C) 2015 American Physiological Society.