The default response to uncertainty and the importance of perceived safety in anxiety and stress: An evolution-theoretical perspective
The default response to uncertainty and the importance of perceived safety in anxiety and stress: An evolution-theoretical perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.04.012
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Thayer, Julian F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brosschot, Jos F.;Verkuil, Bart;Thayer, Julian F.
从神经生物学和进化理论相结合的角度来看，应激反应是对不确定性的皮质下抑制反应，这种反应不是“生成的”而是“默认的”：应激反应“总是存在”，但只要感知到安全，应激反应就处于强直性前额叶抑制之下，这通过迷走神经介导的高心率变异性反映出来。即使没有威胁，安全的不确定性也会导致默认压力反应的抑制。由于压力反应的生存价值，这种“谨慎行事”会通过我们的基因传递给我们。因此，对不确定性的不容忍并不是在生命周期中获得的，而是所有生物体的固有属性，只有在习得安全性的情况下才会得到缓解。当后者缺乏时，就会出现普遍的不安全感，这是慢性焦虑和压力及其躯体健康风险以及其他具有此类风险的高度普遍状况的基础，包括孤独、肥胖、有氧运动不健康和老年。 (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
From a combined neurobiological and evolution-theoretical perspective, the stress response is a subcortically subserved response to uncertainty that is not 'generated' but 'default': the stress response is 'always there' but as long as safety is perceived, the stress response is under tonic prefrontal inhibition, reflected by high vagally mediated heart rate variability. Uncertainty of safety leads to disinhibiting the default stress response, even in the absence of threat. Due to the stress response's survival value, this 'erring on the side of caution' is passed to us via our genes. Thus, intolerance of uncertainty is not acquired during the life cycle, but is a given property of all living organisms, only to be alleviated in situations of which the safety is learned. When the latter is deficient, generalized unsafety ensues, which underlies chronic anxiety and stress and their somatic health risks, as well as other highly prevalent conditions carrying such risks, including loneliness, obesity, aerobic unfitness and old age. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.