An Interpretation of the "Self" From the Dynamical Systems Perspective: A Constructivist Approach
An Interpretation of the "Self" From the Dynamical Systems Perspective: A Constructivist Approach
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从动力系统的角度解释“自我”：一种建构主义的方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Tani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Tani
本研究试图以我们的机器人学习实验结果为基础，用动态系统语言来描述“自我”的概念。提出了一种由多个模块组成的神经网络模型，研究了自下而上感知和自上而下预测之间的交互动力学。我们用一个真实的移动机器人进行的实验表明，机器人的增量学习会自发地在稳定和非稳定阶段之间切换。在稳定阶段，当内部动态和环境动态之间达到一致性时，对自下而上感知的自上而下预测效果良好。在非定常阶段，自下而上的感知和自上而下的预测之间出现冲突，失去一致性，内部神经动力学中观察到混沌吸引子。通过考察这一结果与现象学文献中关于“自我”的可能相似之处，我们得出结论：(1)“自我”的结构对应于“开放的动态结构”，这种结构的特征是目标定向方面的稳定性和体现引起的不稳定性并存；(2)开放的动态结构导致系统自发地过渡到“自我”意识到的非稳态阶段。
This study attempts to describe the notion of the ”self” using dynamical systems language based on the results of our robot learning experiments. A neural network model consisting of multiple modules is proposed, in which the interactive dynamics between the bottom-up perception and the top-down prediction are investigated. Our experiments with a real mobile robot showed that the incremental learning of the robot switches spontaneously between steady and unsteady phases. In the steady phase, the top-down prediction for the bottom-up perception works well when coherence is achieved between the internal and the environmental dynamics. In the unsteady phase, conflicts arise between the bottom-up perception and the top-down prediction; the coherence is lost, and a chaotic attractor is observed in the internal neural dynamics. By investigating possible analogies between this result and the phenomenological literature on the ”self”, we draw the conclusions that (1) the structure of the ”self” corresponds to the ”open dynamic structure” which is characterized by co-existence of stability in terms of goal-directedness and instability caused by embodiment; (2) the open dynamic structure causes the system’s spontaneous transition to the unsteady phase where the ”self” becomes aware.