Cholesterol-Binding Toxins and Anti-cholesterol Antibodies as Structural Probes for Cholesterol Localization
Cholesterol-Binding Toxins and Anti-cholesterol Antibodies as Structural Probes for Cholesterol Localization
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DOI：
10.1007/978-90-481-8622-8_22
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Inomata, Mitsushi
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文献类型：
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作者：
Ohno-Iwashita, Yoshiko;Shimada, Yukiko;Inomata, Mitsushi
胆固醇是哺乳动物细胞膜的主要成分之一。它在调节细胞膜的结构和功能方面起着不可或缺的作用，并影响各种疾病的病理。近几十年来，人们对膜微区（通常称为脂质“筏”）的存在给予了极大的关注，胆固醇和鞘脂沿着被认为在筏的结构组织和功能中起着关键作用。胆固醇结合探针可能提供有用的工具，用于分析膜胆固醇的分布和动态，作为筏微区的结构元素，以及细胞内的其他地方。在探针中，产气荚膜梭菌溶素0（胆固醇结合溶细胞素）的无毒衍生物以浓度依赖性方式结合胆固醇，具有严格的阈值。它们选择性地识别胆固醇富集膜中的胆固醇，并已在许多研究中用于检测质膜和细胞内膜中的微区。近年来，已经开发了在结构域结构中识别胆固醇的抗胆固醇抗体。在这一章中，我们描述了这些胆固醇结合蛋白的特点和他们的应用研究膜胆固醇定位。
Cholesterol is one of the major constituents of mammalian cell membranes. It plays an indispensable role in regulating the structure and function of cell membranes and affects the pathology of various diseases. In recent decades much attention has been paid to the existence of membrane microdomains, generally termed lipid "rafts", and cholesterol, along with sphingolipids, is thought to play a critical role in raft structural organization and function. Cholesterol-binding probes are likely to provide useful tools for analyzing the distribution and dynamics of membrane cholesterol, as a structural element of raft microdomains, and elsewhere within the cell. Among the probes, non-toxic derivatives of perfringolysin 0, a cholesterol-binding cytolysin, bind cholesterol in a concentration-dependent fashion with a strict threshold. They selectively recognize cholesterol in cholesterol-enriched membranes, and have been used in many studies to detect microdomains in plasma and intracellular membranes. Anti-cholesterol antibodies that recognize cholesterol in domain structures have been developed in recent years. In this chapter, we describe the characteristics of these cholesterol-binding proteins and their applications to studies on membrane cholesterol localization.