Plant Productivity in Response to LED Lighting
Plant Productivity in Response to LED Lighting
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DOI：
10.21273/hortsci.43.7.1951
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Cary A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Massa, Gioia D.;Kim, Hyeon-Hye;Mitchell, Cary A.
发光二极管（LED）作为地球内外作物生产的补充或唯一光源照明系统具有巨大的潜力。它们的小尺寸、耐用性、长工作寿命、波长特异性、相对较冷的发射表面以及具有电输入电流的线性光子输出使这些固态光源非常适合用于植物照明设计。由于LED（单色，无磷光体涂层）的输出波段比用于植物生长的传统电照明源窄得多，因此设计最佳植物照明系统的一个挑战是确定特定作物所必需的波长。美国宇航局肯尼迪航天中心的工作重点是正常植物生长所需的蓝光比例，以及红光的最佳波长和红光/远红光比例。已经解决了增加绿色波长以改善植物生长以及用于植物状态的视觉监测。与其他光源一样，LED的光谱质量可以对作物解剖学和形态学以及养分吸收和病原体发育产生巨大影响。普渡大学的工作集中在光传输的几何结构上，以提高作物照明系统的能源利用效率。此外，在没有紫外线或其他不太了解的刺激的情况下发生的叶片肿胀可能会成为一些仅由窄带LED照明的作物的严重限制。正在研究防止这种情况的方法。LED对受控环境农业行业的潜在好处是众多的，需要做更多的工作来将园艺定位在这一有前途的技术的最前沿。
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have tremendous potential as supplemental or sole-source lighting systems for crop production both on and off earth. Their small size, durability, long operating lifetime, wavelength specificity, relatively cool emitting surfaces, and linear photon output with electrical input current make these solid-state light sources ideal for use in plant lighting designs. Because the output waveband of LEDs (single color, nonphosphor-coated) is much narrower than that of traditional sources of electric lighting used for plant growth, one challenge in designing an optimum plant lighting system is to determine wavelengths essential for specific crops. Work at NASA's Kennedy Space Center has focused on the proportion of blue light required for normal plant growth as well as the optimum wavelength of red and the red/far-red ratio. The addition of green wavelengths for improved plant growth as well as for visual monitoring of plant status has been addressed. Like with other light sources, spectral quality of LEDs can have dramatic effects on crop anatomy and morphology as well as nutrient uptake and pathogen development. Work at Purdue University has focused on geometry of light delivery to improve energy use efficiency of a crop lighting system. Additionally, foliar intumescence developing in the absence of ultraviolet light or other less understood stimuli could become a serious limitation for some crops lighted solely by narrow-band LEDs. Ways to prevent this condition are being investigated. Potential LED benefits to the controlled environment agriculture industry are numerous and more work needs to be done to position horticulture at the forefront of this promising technology.