Dive Behavior of Eastern Chukchi Beluga Whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ), 1998–2008
Dive Behavior of Eastern Chukchi Beluga Whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ), 1998–2008
复制标题
东楚科奇白鲸 (Delphinapterus leucas) 的潜水行为，1998–2008
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. O’Corry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Citta;R. Suydam;L. Quakenbush;K. Frost;G. O’Corry
我们对楚科奇海东部种群的23头白鲸的潜水行为进行了探索性描述，这些白鲸在1998年至2007年期间在阿拉斯加的莱点被卫星连接的时间和深度记录器标记。由于发射器参数化方式的差异，我们分别分析了1998年至2002年部署的标签（n = 20个标签）和2007年部署的标签（n = 3个标签）的数据。通过聚类分析，我们在1998-2002年的数据集中发现了三种基本的潜水类型。“浅”潜水行为以深度50 m为主。“中级”潜水行为的特点是在水面附近有一种模式，在250米附近有第二种模式。“深”潜水行为的特征是在水面附近有一种模式，在距离水面400米以上有第二种模式。潜水类别的平均每小时潜水次数由5.1次（SD = 2.1）至9.8次（SD = 2.9）不等，其中深潜类别的每小时潜水次数最少。一般来说，跳水时间从1分钟到18分钟不等；然而，潜水时间长达21分钟发生在最深的潜水类别。我们几乎没有发现证据表明我们样本中白鲸的潜水行为因性别或年龄而异。一般来说，白鲸在东波弗特海比在西波弗特海或楚科奇海潜得更深。在巴罗峡谷和波弗特大陆架断裂（200-300米），白鲸最常潜水的深度与较冷的太平洋水覆盖较暖的大西洋水的边界相对应，这可能是北极鳕鱼（Boreogadus saida）最密集的地方。在北极盆地的潜水深度表明，白鲸主要在大西洋水域的温暖层（~ 200-1000米）觅食。
We provide an exploratory description of the dive behavior of 23 beluga whales of the eastern Chukchi Sea stock, tagged with satellite-linked time and depth recorders at Point Lay, Alaska, between 1998 and 2007. Because of differences in how transmitters were parameterized, we analyzed data from tags deployed from 1998 to 2002 ( n = 20 tags) and data from tags deployed in 2007 ( n = 3 tags) separately. Using cluster analysis, we found three basic dive types in the 1998–2002 dataset. “Shallow” diving behavior was characterized by dives mostly 50 m in depth. “Intermediate” diving behavior was characterized by having one mode near the surface and a second mode near 250 m. “Deep” diving behavior was characterized by having one mode near the surface and a second mode more than 400 m from the surface. The average number of dives per hour ranged from 5.1 (SD = 2.1) to 9.8 (SD = 2.9) across dive types, with the fewest dives per hour in the deep diving category. In general, duration of dives ranged from 1 to 18 minutes; however, dives up to 21 minutes occurred in the deepest diving category. We found little evidence that dive behavior of the belugas in our sample varied by sex or age. In general, belugas dove more deeply in the eastern Beaufort Sea than in the western Beaufort or Chukchi Seas. The depths to which belugas most commonly dive in Barrow Canyon and along the Beaufort shelf break (200–300 m) correspond to the boundary where colder Pacific water overlies warmer Atlantic water, which is probably where Arctic cod ( Boreogadus saida ) are most dense. Diving depths within the Arctic Basin suggest that belugas are foraging mostly within the warm layer of Atlantic Water (~200–1000 m).