Memories of Yesterday's Emotions: Does the Valence of Experience Affect the Memory-Experience Gap?
Memories of Yesterday's Emotions: Does the Valence of Experience Affect the Memory-Experience Gap?
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DOI：
10.1037/a0017823
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Kahneman, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miron-Shatz, Talya;Stone, Arthur;Kahneman, Daniel
在回顾性评估中，剧烈疼痛常常被夸大，这表明经验和记忆之间可能存在差异。然而，人们如何回顾性地评价愉快和不愉快的经历却知之甚少。日重建法（DRM；Kahneman.Krueger、Schkade、Schwarz 和 Stone，2004b）提供了一个独特的机会来检查个别日子的回忆中的记忆体验差距，这会引发广泛的情绪。我们要求女性参与者（N = 810，研究 1，N = 615，研究 2）使用 DRM 重建前一天的事件，并证明记忆和经验对于愉快和不愉快的情绪都有所不同。当他们以回顾性评估的心态对这一天进行总体评价时，参与者回忆起的不愉快和愉快的情绪比他们在个别事件中报告的感受要多，不愉快情绪的差距比愉快情绪的差距更大。研究结果表明，记忆积极和消极事件的过程是分开的，尤其是当涉及不愉快的情绪时，谨慎性比准确性更受青睐。
Intense pain is often exaggerated in retrospective evaluations, indicating a possible divergence between experience and memory. However, little is known regarding how people retrospectively evaluate experiences with both pleasant and unpleasant aspects. The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM; Kahneman. Krueger, Schkade, Schwarz, & Stone, 2004b) provides a unique opportunity to examine memory-experience gaps in recollections of individual days, which elicit a wide gamut of emotions. We asked female participants (N = 810, Study 1, and N = 615, Study 2) to reconstruct episodes of the previous day using the DRM and demonstrated that memory and experience diverge for both pleasant and unpleasant emotions. When they rated their day overall in a retrospectively evaluative frame of mind, the participants recalled more unpleasant and pleasant emotions than they reported feeling during the individual episodes, with a larger gap for unpleasant emotions than for pleasant emotions. The findings suggest that separate processes are used for committing positive and negative events to memory and that, especially when unpleasant emotions are involved, prudence is favored over accuracy.