Particulate Matter Exposure, Prenatal and Postnatal Windows of Susceptibility, and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Particulate Matter Exposure, Prenatal and Postnatal Windows of Susceptibility, and Autism Spectrum Disorders
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DOI：
10.1097/ede.0000000000000173
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Daniels, Julie L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalkbrenner, Amy E.;Windham, Gayle C.;Daniels, Julie L.
背景资料：最近的研究表明，暴露于交通相关的空气污染物，包括颗粒物（PM），与自闭症谱系障碍（自闭症）有关。方法：自闭症儿童是通过基于记录的监测确定的（1994、1996、1998或2000年出生于北卡罗来纳州的n = 645，1996年出生于加州的旧金山弗朗西斯科湾区的n = 334）。他们与随机抽样的出生在相同县和出生记录中确定的年份的儿童进行了比较（北卡罗来纳州n = 12,434，加州n = 2,232）。暴露于PM小于10 μ m（PM10）在出生地址被分配到每个孩子的地统计插值方法，每天从空气污染监管监测器的浓度。我们估计了从孕前到孩子第一个生日的3个月内PM10增加10 μ g/m3的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），调整了年份、州、母亲教育和年龄、种族/民族、社区水平的城市化和家庭收入中位数，并包括了出生周的非参数项以解释季节性趋势。结果：PM10的时间模式是明显的，导致第一和第三季度浓度之间的负相关（r = -0.7）。调整后的OR为，前三个月，0.86（95% CI = 0.74-0.99），妊娠中期，0.97（0.83-1.15），晚期妊娠，1.36（1.13-1.63）;并且，在同时包括第一和第三孕期浓度以解释逆相关性后，为：结论：我们的研究补充了以前在加州的工作，显示了交通相关的空气污染和自闭症之间的关系，并在美国东部的一个州增加了类似的发现，结果与晚期妊娠的易感性增加一致。
Background: Recent studies suggest that exposure to traffic-related air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), is associated with autism spectrum disorder (autism).Methods: Children with autism were identified by records-based surveillance (n = 645 born in North Carolina in 1994, 1996, 1998, or 2000, and n = 334 born in the San Francisco Bay Area in California in 1996). They were compared with randomly sampled children born in the same counties and years identified from birth records (n = 12,434 in North Carolina and n = 2,232 in California). Exposure to PM less than 10 mu m (PM10) at the birth address was assigned to each child by a geostatistical interpolation method using daily concentrations from air pollution regulatory monitors. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for a 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM10 within 3-month periods from preconception through the child's first birthday, adjusting for year, state, maternal education and age, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood-level urbanization and median household income, and including a nonparametric term for week of birth to account for seasonal trends.Results: Temporal patterns in PM10 were pronounced, leading to an inverse correlation between the first-and third-trimester concentrations (r = -0.7). Adjusted ORs were, for the first trimester, 0.86 (95% CI = 0.74-0.99), second trimester, 0.97 (0.83-1.15), and third trimester, 1.36 (1.13-1.63); and, after simultaneously including first-and third-trimester concentrations to account for the inverse correlation, were: first trimester, 1.01 (0.81-1.27) and third trimester, 1.38 (1.03-1.84).Conclusions: Our study adds to previous work in California showing a relation between traffic-related air pollution and autism, and adds similar findings in an eastern US state, with results consistent with increased susceptibility in the third-trimester.