The Heliospheric Imagers Onboard the STEREO Mission
The Heliospheric Imagers Onboard the STEREO Mission
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DOI：
10.1007/s11207-008-9299-0
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发表时间：
2009-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Rochus, P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eyles, C. J.;Harrison, R. A.;Rochus, P.
安装在两个相距很远的航天器的两侧，这两个日球层成像仪（HI）仪器搭载在美国宇航局的STEREO任务上，首次看到了太阳和地球之间的空间。这些仪器是广角可见光成像仪，包含足够的挡板以消除散射光，从而可以检测到太阳日冕物质抛射（cme）通过日球层的情况。每台HI仪器包括HI-1和HI-2两台摄像机，视场分别为20度和70度，与太阳方向分别偏离14.0度和53.7度，光轴对准黄道面。这种安排在两个航天器的视点上提供了从4.0度到88.7度的太阳延伸角的覆盖范围，从而允许沿着太阳-地球线观察地球附近和更远的地球指向的cme。鉴于两个分离的平台，这也提供了第一次从三维角度观察日冕物质抛射的结构和演化的机会。STEREO航天器于2006年10月下旬从卡纳维拉尔角空军基地发射，HI仪器自2007年初以来一直在进行科学观测。本文综述了这些独特仪器的设计、开发、制造和校准。描述了任务操作，包括初始调试阶段和科学操作阶段。简要讨论了数据处理和分析过程，并利用地面试验结果和在轨观测结果证明了仪器的性能满足了最初的科学要求。
Mounted on the sides of two widely separated spacecraft, the two Heliospheric Imager (HI) instruments onboard NASA's STEREO mission view, for the first time, the space between the Sun and Earth. These instruments are wide-angle visible-light imagers that incorporate sufficient baffling to eliminate scattered light to the extent that the passage of solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) through the heliosphere can be detected. Each HI instrument comprises two cameras, HI-1 and HI-2, which have 20 degrees and 70 degrees fields of view and are off-pointed from the Sun direction by 14.0 degrees and 53.7 degrees, respectively, with their optical axes aligned in the ecliptic plane. This arrangement provides coverage over solar elongation angles from 4.0 degrees to 88.7 degrees at the viewpoints of the two spacecraft, thereby allowing the observation of Earth-directed CMEs along the Sun-Earth line to the vicinity of the Earth and beyond. Given the two separated platforms, this also presents the first opportunity to view the structure and evolution of CMEs in three dimensions. The STEREO spacecraft were launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Base in late October 2006, and the HI instruments have been performing scientific observations since early 2007. The design, development, manufacture, and calibration of these unique instruments are reviewed in this paper. Mission operations, including the initial commissioning phase and the science operations phase, are described. Data processing and analysis procedures are briefly discussed, and ground-test results and in-orbit observations are used to demonstrate that the performance of the instruments meets the original scientific requirements.