Time Outdoors and Physical Activity as Predictors of Incident Myopia in Childhood: A Prospective Cohort Study
Time Outdoors and Physical Activity as Predictors of Incident Myopia in Childhood: A Prospective Cohort Study
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DOI：
10.1167/iovs.11-9091
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Williams, Cathy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guggenheim, Jeremy A.;Northstone, Kate;Williams, Cathy
目的：儿童时期在“运动/户外活动”上花费的时间已显示与近视发生率呈负相关。我们分别研究了近视发生率与户外活动时间以及体育活动的关联。
方法：雅芳父母与儿童纵向研究（ALSPAC）的参与者在7岁、10岁、11岁、12岁和15岁时通过非睫状肌麻痹自动验光进行评估，并在每次检查时被分类为近视（≤ -0.25屈光度）（N = 4837 - 7747）。11岁时的体育活动通过佩戴1周的加速度计进行客观测量。户外活动时间通过在儿童8 - 9岁时发放的家长调查问卷进行评估。使用考克斯回归分析与近视发生率相关的变量。
结果：在使用所有可用数据的分析中，户外活动时间和体育活动都与近视发生率相关，户外活动的影响更大。对于仅限于11岁时被分类为非近视或正视/远视的儿童的分析，结果相似。因此，对于11岁时非近视的儿童，户外活动时间多与少相比，近视发生的风险比（95%置信区间，CI）为0.66（0.47 - 0.93），中度/剧烈体育活动高于平均水平每增加一个单位标准差，风险比为0.87（0.76 - 0.99）。
结论：户外活动时间可独立于体育活动水平预测近视发生率。户外活动观察到的更强关联表明，先前报道的“运动/户外活动”与近视发生率之间的联系主要是由于其包含了与户外活动时间相关的信息，而非体育活动。（《眼科研究与视觉科学》2012年；53卷：2856 - 2865页）DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11 - 9091
PURPOSE. Time spent in "sports/outdoor activity'' has shown a negative association with incident myopia during childhood. We investigated the association of incident myopia with time spent outdoors and physical activity separately.METHODS. Participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were assessed by noncycloplegic autorefraction at ages 7, 10, 11, 12, and 15 years, and classified as myopic (=-0.25 diopters) at each visit (N = 4,837-7,747). Physical activity at age 11 years was measured objectively using an accelerometer, worn for 1 week. Time spent outdoors was assessed via a parental questionnaire administered when children were aged 8-9 years. Variables associated with incident myopia were examined using Cox regression.RESULTS. In analyses using all available data, both time spent outdoors and physical activity were associated with incident myopia, with time outdoors having the larger effect. The results were similar for analyses restricted to children classified as either nonmyopic or emmetropic/hyperopic at age 11 years. Thus, for children nonmyopic at age 11, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) for incident myopia was 0.66 (0.47-0.93) for a high versus low amount of time spent outdoors, and 0.87 (0.76-0.99) per unit standard deviation above average increase in moderate/vigorous physical activity.CONCLUSION. Time spent outdoors was predictive of incident myopia independently of physical activity level. The greater association observed for time outdoors suggests that the previously reported link between "sports/outdoor activity'' and incident myopia is due mainly to its capture of information relating to time outdoors rather than physical activity. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012; 53: 2856-2865) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-9091