Are all interventions created equal? A multi-threat approach to tailoring stereotype threat interventions.
Are all interventions created equal? A multi-threat approach to tailoring stereotype threat interventions.
复制标题
所有干预措施都是平等的吗？
DOI：
10.1037/a0030461
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Hambarchyan,Mariam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shapiro,JenessaR;Williams,AmyM;Hambarchyan,Mariam
到目前为止，刻板印象威胁干预被认为是可互换的。通过4个实验，本研究表明，刻板印象威胁干预需要量身定制的特定形式的经验刻板印象威胁是有效的。多威胁框架（Shapiro & Neuberg，2007）区分了群体作为目标的刻板印象威胁-关注刻板印象相关的表现将反映一个人的群体的能力较差-和自我作为目标的刻板印象威胁-关注刻板印象相关的表现将反映一个人自己的能力较差。本实验探讨了黑人大学生的诊断智力测试（实验1和3）和妇女的兴趣（实验2）和性能（实验4）在科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）的性能。在这4个实验中，参与者被随机分配到一个群体作为目标或自我作为目标的刻板印象威胁。实验1和2表明，榜样干预是成功的保护只对群体作为目标的刻板印象的威胁，和实验3和4表明，自我肯定的干预是成功的保护只对自我作为目标的刻板印象的威胁。本研究提供了一个实验测试的多重威胁框架在不同的负面刻板印象群体（黑人学生，女学生），不同的负面刻板印象域（一般智力，干），和不同的结果（测试性能，职业兴趣）。这项研究表明，干预措施应该解决可能的刻板印象威胁的范围，以有效地保护个人免受这些威胁。通过对刻板印象威胁的不同形式以及干预措施减少刻板印象威胁的方式的理解，本研究旨在促进对刻板印象威胁的更全面的理解。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024阿帕，保留所有权利）
To date, stereotype threat interventions have been considered interchangeable. Across 4 experiments, the present research demonstrates that stereotype threat interventions need to be tailored to the specific form of experienced stereotype threat to be effective. The Multi-Threat Framework (Shapiro & Neuberg, 2007) distinguishes between group-as-target stereotype threats—concerns that a stereotype-relevant performance will reflect poorly on the abilities of one's group—and self-as-target stereotype threats—concerns that a stereotype-relevant performance will reflect poorly on one's own abilities. The present experiments explored Black college students' performance on diagnostic intelligence tests (Experiments 1 and 3) and women's interest (Experiment 2) and performance (Experiment 4) in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Across the 4 experiments, participants were randomly assigned to experience either a group-as-target or self-as-target stereotype threat. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed that role model interventions were successful at protecting only against group-as-target stereotype threats, and Experiments 3 and 4 revealed that self-affirmation interventions were successful at protecting only against self-as-target stereotype threats. The present research provides an experimental test of the Multi-Threat Framework across different negatively stereotyped groups (Black students, female students), different negatively stereotyped domains (general intelligence, STEM), and different outcomes (test performance, career interest). This research suggests that interventions should address the range of possible stereotype threats to effectively protect individuals against these threats. Through an appreciation of the distinct forms of stereotype threats and the ways in which interventions work to reduce them, this research aims to facilitate a more complete understanding of stereotype threat.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)