Sexist Slurs: Reinforcing Feminine Stereotypes Online
Sexist Slurs: Reinforcing Feminine Stereotypes Online
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DOI：
10.1007/s11199-019-01095-z
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发表时间：
2019-11-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Zhang, Amy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Felmlee, Diane;Rodis, Paulina Inara;Zhang, Amy
社交媒体平台一再被指责创造了女性被欺凌和骚扰的环境。我们认为，对女性的网络攻击旨在加强传统的女性规范和刻板印象。在一项混合方法的研究中，我们发现Twitter上的这种类型的攻击是普遍和广泛的，它可以远远超出最初的目标。我们在一周内找到了超过290万条包含性别侮辱的推文（例如，“婊子”、“婊子”、“荡妇”或“妓女”）--平均每天有419,000个性别歧视的辱骂。这些推文中的绝大多数都是负面情绪。我们分析了几种情况下随之而来的谈话的社交网络，并演示了如何使用“回复”，“转发”和“喜欢”可以进一步受害的目标。此外，我们开发了一个情感分类器，我们用在回归分析比较性别歧视的消息的负面性。我们发现，消息中强化女性刻板印象的词语会在很大程度上增加推文的负面情绪。这些术语包括侮辱某人外表的术语（例如，“丑陋”），智力（例如，“愚蠢”），性经验（例如，“滥交”），精神稳定（例如，“疯狂”）和年龄（“老”）。强制执行美丽规范的信息往往特别消极。总之，充满敌意、性别歧视的推文本质上是战略性的。他们的目的是促进传统的，文化信仰的女性，如美丽的理想，他们羞辱受害者指责他们达不到这些标准。
Social media platforms are accused repeatedly of creating environments in which women are bullied and harassed. We argue that online aggression toward women aims to reinforce traditional feminine norms and stereotypes. In a mixed methods study, we find that this type of aggression on Twitter is common and extensive and that it can spread far beyond the original target. We locate over 2.9 million tweets in one week that contain instances of gendered insults (e.g., "bitch," "cunt," "slut," or "whore")-averaging 419,000 sexist slurs per day. The vast majority of these tweets are negative in sentiment. We analyze the social networks of the conversations that ensue in several cases and demonstrate how the use of "replies," "retweets," and "likes" can further victimize a target. Additionally, we develop a sentiment classifier that we use in a regression analysis to compare the negativity of sexist messages. We find that words in a message that reinforce feminine stereotypes inflate the negative sentiment of tweets to a significant and sizeable degree. These terms include those insulting someone's appearance (e.g., "ugly"), intellect (e.g., "stupid"), sexual experience (e.g., "promiscuous"), mental stability (e.g., "crazy"), and age ("old"). Messages enforcing beauty norms tend to be particularly negative. In sum, hostile, sexist tweets are strategic in nature. They aim to promote traditional, cultural beliefs about femininity, such as beauty ideals, and they shame victims by accusing them of falling short of these standards.