Accounting for intermediates: Production sharing and trade in value added
Accounting for intermediates: Production sharing and trade in value added
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.10.003
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Noguera, Guillermo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, Robert C.;Noguera, Guillermo
我们将投入产出和双边贸易数据结合起来，计算双边贸易的增加值含量。增加值与出口总值的比率(VAX比率)是衡量生产分享强度的指标。在各国，出口构成推动了增值税比率，而制成品出口商的比率较低。在各行业中，制造业的增值税比率相对于服务业较低，主要是因为服务业被用作生产制造业出口的中间产品。在各双边伙伴之间，增值税比率差别很大，包含关于双边和三角生产链的信息。我们具体记录了双边生产联系，而不是出口构成的变化，推动了双边增值税比率的变化。最后，以增加值衡量的双边失衡不同于总体贸易失衡。最突出的是，以增加值衡量，2004年美国和中国之间的不平衡缩小了30-40%。(C)2011 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利，
We combine input-output and bilateral trade data to compute the value added content of bilateral trade. The ratio of value added to gross exports (VAX ratio) is a measure of the intensity of production sharing. Across countries, export composition drives VAX ratios, with exporters of Manufactures having lower ratios. Across sectors, the VAX ratio for Manufactures is low relative to Services, primarily because Services are used as an intermediate to produce manufacturing exports. Across bilateral partners, VAX ratios vary widely and contain information on both bilateral and triangular production chains. We document specifically that bilateral production linkages, not variation in the composition of exports, drive variation in bilateral VAX ratios. Finally, bilateral imbalances measured in value added differ from gross trade imbalances. most prominently, the U.S.-China imbalance in 2004 is 30-40% smaller when measured in value added. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved,