ALTERATIONS IN LUNG STRUCTURE CAUSED BY INHALATION OF OXIDANTS
ALTERATIONS IN LUNG STRUCTURE CAUSED BY INHALATION OF OXIDANTS
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DOI：
10.1080/15287398409530500
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
MERCER, RR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CRAPO, JD;BARRY, BE;MERCER, RR
形态计量学和形态学方法已被用来评估吸入各种氧化剂引起的大鼠肺的变化。暴露于100%的氧气会导致弥漫性肺损伤，并在暴露66-72小时后导致死亡。暴露于高氧环境中的大鼠的主要死亡损伤是肺毛细血管内皮的损伤。亚致死暴露于高氧可引起肺泡间隔所有主要成分的弥漫性损伤，并与约50%的肺毛细血管内皮细胞的破坏有关。肺毛细血管表面积和管腔体积也相应减少。暴露于低浓度的臭氧和二氧化氮不会引起整个肺肺泡区弥漫性损伤，而是主要导致终末细支气管及其邻近肺泡的结构改变。暴露于0.25 ppm臭氧和2 ppm no2的动物的形态计量学评估显示，在数量上和质量上都有类似的病变。这些病变主要涉及肺泡上皮的损伤和重塑。肺泡上皮的这些变化也与近端肺泡区巨噬细胞数量增加有关。各种氧化剂引起的不同类型的肺损伤，很可能与它们与组织成分的反应性差异以及氧化气体的浓度、分布和扩散特性的差异有关。
Morphometric and morphologic methods have been used to evaluate changes in rat lungs caused by the inhalation of a variety of oxidants. Exposure to 100% oxygen causes diffuse pulmonary injury and leads to death after 66–72 h of exposure. The primary insult leading to death in rats exposed to hyperoxia is injury to pulmonary capillary endothelium. Sublethal exposure to hyperoxia was found to cause diffuse injury to all major components of the alveolar septum and was associated with destruction of approximately 50% of the pulmonary capillary endothelial cells. A corresponding decrease in pulmonary capillary surface area and capillary lumen volume also occurred. Exposure to ozone and to nitrogen dioxide in low concentrations did not cause a diffuse injury throughout the alveolar region of the lung, but rather led predominantly to structural alterations in terminal bronchioles and in their adjacent alveoli. Morphometric evaluation of animals exposed to 0.25 ppm ozone and to 2 ppm NO2demonstrated quantitatively and qualitatively similar lesions. These lesions primarily involve Injury and remodelling of the alveolar epithelium. These changes in the alveolar epithelium were also associated with the recruitment of increased numbers of alveolar macrophages to the proximal alveolar region. The different types of lung injury caused by various oxidants are most likely to be related to differences in their reactivity with tissue components and to differences in concentration, distribution, and diffusion characteristics of the oxidant gases.