Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps
Parasitic development in intestines and oocyst shedding patterns for infection by Eimeria uekii and Eimeria raichoi in Japanese rock ptarmigans, Lagopus muta japonica, protected by cages in the Southern Japanese Alps
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.04.002
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Ushida, Kazunari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Matsubayashi, Makoto;Kinoshita, Moemi;Ushida, Kazunari
栖息在日本南部阿尔卑斯山林线以上的濒危物种日本岩雷鸟（Lagopus穆塔japonica）的数量已经下降。作为该物种最近的保护策略之一，在其栖息地引入了对育雏（母鸡和小鸡）的笼子保护。在这些鸟类中经常检测到两种艾美耳球虫，但对该地区的寄生循环知之甚少，包括鸟类和环境中的寄生循环。在此，我们对2018年在笼舍保护下收集的死鸡进行了组织病理学检查，并于2019年检查了三个育雏的母鸡和雏鸡的粪便以及环境土壤中的寄生虫，以评估潜在的感染源和致病性。所有死亡鸡的十二指肠至结肠的粘膜上皮和/或粘膜下层均发现发育中的子虫。粪便检查发现E. uekii和/或E.所有的母鸡和小鸡都吃辣椒。艾美耳球虫卵囊每克粪便中的粪尿中的粪尿量在出雏后2周内呈上升趋势，随后逐渐下降。雏鸡感染后，卵囊可在笼内聚集，卵囊密度超过每克笼土1000个卵囊。基于具有孢子化形态，卵囊可能具有感染性，因此是直接或间接的潜在感染源。然而，根据我们的发现，并不是所有的鸡都受到感染的临床影响，其他因素，如通过食粪或栖息地环境（包括气候）在鸡体内建立的微生物植物群，可能与艾美耳球虫属的致病性有关，尽管需要进一步的研究来评估这些相关性。
The population of Japanese rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta japonica), an endangered species with a habitat above the timberline of the southern Japanese Alps, has declined. As one of the recent conservation strategies for this species, cage protection for broods (hens and chicks) has been introduced in their habitats. Two species of Eimeria have frequently been detected in these birds, but little is known about the parasitic circulation in the region, including among birds and in the environment. Here, we conducted histopathology examinations of dead chicks collected under cage protection in 2018, and examined the feces of the hens and chicks of three broods and environmental soils for parasites in 2019 in order to assess the potential sources of infection and pathogenicity. Developmental zoites were found in the epithelial mucosa and/or the submucosa from the duodenum to the colon of all dead chicks. Fecal examination revealed oocysts of E. uekii and/or E. raichoi in all hens and chicks. Oocysts of Eimeria spp. per gram of feces in chicks increased within 2 weeks after hatching and then gradually deceased. Following infection of the chicks, oocysts could accumulate within the cage areas, and oocyst density exceeded more than 1000 oocysts per gram of cage soils. Based on having sporulated morphologies, oocysts could be infective and therefore, be direct or indirect potential sources of infection. However, based on our findings that not all chicks were clinically affected by the infections, other factors such as microbial flora in the chicks established by coprophagy or from the habitat environment, including climate, might be associated with the pathogenicity of Eimeria spp., although further studies are needed to assess these correlations.