The impact of urbanisation on nature dose and the implications for human health
The impact of urbanisation on nature dose and the implications for human health
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.07.013
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Gaston, Kevin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cox, Daniel T. C.;Shanahan, Danielle F.;Gaston, Kevin J.
过去100年见证了全球人口结构的巨大变化，大多数人现在生活在城市环境中，而不是农村环境中。一个假定的后果是，人们对自然的体验将会减少，这可能会产生重要的后果，因为他们可以从这种体验中获得无数的健康益处。或者，随着对大自然的体验变得越来越罕见，人们可能会更积极地去寻找它们，从而减轻城市化的负面影响。在这项研究中，我们使用了来自英国各地的3000名调查受访者的数据和自然剂量框架，以确定(A)日益城市化是否与自然剂量的频率、持续时间和强度的减少有关；以及(B)与城市化相关的自然暴露的差异对四种人口健康结果(抑郁、自我报告的健康、社会凝聚力和体力活动)的影响。我们发现自然剂量与城市化程度之间存在负指数关系。剂量的频率和持续时间从农村环境到郊区环境降低，然后随着城市化的进一步增加而变化不大。在所有四个健康领域中，剂量频率和持续时间之间存在微弱但正相关，而不同维度的剂量与城镇特定健康领域的正相关程度更高。我们表明，自然剂量低的城市地区的人往往在多个领域的健康状况较差，但在自然环境中度过更长时间或生活在绿色地区可能会获得最大收益。
The last 100 years have seen a huge change in the global structure of the human population, with the majority of people now living in urban rather than rural environments. An assumed consequence is that people will have fewer experiences of nature, and this could have important consequences given the myriad health benefits that they can gain from such experiences. Alternatively, as experiences of nature become rarer, people might be more likely actively to seek them out, mitigating the negative effects of urbanisation. In this study, we used data for 3000 survey respondents from across the UK, and a nature-dose framework, to determine whether (a) increasing urbanisation is associated with a decrease in the frequency, duration and intensity of nature dose; and (b) differences in nature exposure associated with urbanisation impact on four population health outcomes (depression, self-reported health, social cohesion and physical activity). We found negative exponential relationships between nature dose and the degree of urbanisation. The frequency and duration of dose decreased from rural to suburban environments, followed by little change with further increases in urbanisation. There were weak but positive associations between frequency and duration of dose across all four health domains, while different dimensions of dose showed more positive associations with specific health domains in towns and cities. We show that people in urban areas with a low nature dose tend to have worse health across multiple domains, but have the potential for the greatest gains from spending longer in nature, or living in green areas.