Fluid mechanics of biological surfaces and their technological application
Fluid mechanics of biological surfaces and their technological application
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DOI：
10.1007/s001140050696
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Meyer, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bechert, DW;Bruse, M;Meyer, R
综述了生物表面的结构和性质所引起的流体动力学效应。它表明，针对技术应用的调查结果也可以提供洞察生物物理现象。本文描述了减小壁面剪应力和控制附面层分离的技术。(a)实验研究了包括鲨鱼皮复制品在内的各种脊状表面的壁面剪切应力降低。后者由800个塑料模型比例与顺应锚定。毛状表面也被认为是，和表面中的无滑移条件被修改。自清洁表面，如荷叶表面，是一个有趣的选择，以避免流体动力学恶化的污垢凝聚。技术实施的一个例子进行了讨论，在远程商用飞机的肋。(b)分离控制也是生物学中的一个重要问题。在对涡流发生器作了简要评述之后，详细介绍了鸟羽控制分离的机理。自激活可移动襟翼（=人造鸟羽毛）代表了一种高升力系统，可将翼型的最大升力提高约20%。这是在巡航条件下实现的，没有可察觉的有害影响。最后，给出了一个层流机翼和可动襟翼飞机的飞行实验。
A survey is given on fluid-dynamic effects caused by the structure and properties of biological surfaces. It is demonstrated that the results of investigations aiming at technological applications can also provide insights into biophysical phenomena. Techniques are described both for reducing wall shear stresses and for controlling boundary-layer separation. (a) Wall shear stress reduction was investigated experimentally for various riblet surfaces including a shark skin replica. The latter consists of 800 plastic model scales with compliant anchoring. Hairy surfaces are also considered, and surfaces in which the no-slip condition is modified. Self-cleaning surfaces such as that of lotus leaves represent an interesting option to avoid fluid-dynamic deterioration by the agglomeration of dirt. An example of technological implementation is discussed for riblets in long-range commercial aircraft. (b) Separation control is also an important issue in biology. After a few brief comments on vortex generators, the mechanism of separation control by bird feathers is described in detail. Self-activated movable flaps (= artificial bird feathers) represent a high-lift system enhancing the maximum lift of airfoils by about 20%. This is achieved without perceivable deleterious effects under cruise conditions. Finally, flight experiments on an aircraft with laminar wing and movable flaps are presented.