THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EYE-MOVEMENTS AND SPATIAL ATTENTION
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EYE-MOVEMENTS AND SPATIAL ATTENTION
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DOI：
10.1080/14640748608401609
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发表时间：
1986-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
HOCKEY, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SHEPHERD, M;FINDLAY, JM;HOCKEY, RJ
之前大多数关于眼球跳跃性运动对注意力影响的研究都是使用外周刺激来引起眼球运动。有人认为，根据外围刺激自动“捕获”注意力的证据，这些实验没有区分由外围刺激引起的注意力效应和由眼球运动引起的注意力效应。在本研究中，空间注意力通过改变周围探针刺激在不同位置出现的概率来操纵，而扫视由中心箭头引导，使注意力和眼球运动的影响分离开来。结果表明，对外围刺激做出反应的时间可以通过提前知道其可能的位置和单独准备对该位置进行扫视来缩短。当扫视从最可能的探针位置转移时，注意力和眼球运动的目标在显示器的相反两侧。在这种情况下，准备进行扫视的效果被证明比注意力分配的效果更强，直到扫视完成很久之后，这表明进行扫视必然涉及到对目标位置的注意力分配。探测刺激对扫视潜伏期的影响也得到了检验：在扫视前出现的探测刺激如果出现在扫视目标处，则会缩短扫视潜伏期；如果出现在注视的另一侧，则会延长扫视潜伏期。这些促进和抑制作用发生在扫视准备的不同阶段，表明注意在自发眼动的产生中起着重要作用。本研究的结果表明，虽然可以在不进行相应的眼球运动的情况下进行注意力运动，但不可能在没有周围刺激的情况下进行眼球运动而不进行相应的注意力转移。
Most previous studies of the attentional consequnces of making saccadic eye movements have used peripheral stimuli to elicit eye movements. It is argued that in the light of evidence showing automatic "capture" of attention by peripheral stimuli, these experiments do not distinguish between attentional effects due to peripheral stimuli and those due to eye movements. In the present study, spatial attention was manipulated by varying the probability that peripheral probe stimuli would appear in different positions, while saccades were directed by a central arrow, enabling the effects of attention and eye movements to be separated. The results showed that the time to react to a peripheral stimulus could be shortened both by advance knowledge of its likely position and, separately, by preparing to make a saccade to that position. When the saccade was directed away from the most likely position of the probe, the targets for attention and eye movements were on opposite sides of the display. In this condition, the effects of preparing to make a saccade proved to be stronger than the effects of attentional allocation until well after the saccade had finished, suggesting that making a saccade necessarily involves the allocation of attention to the target position. The effects of probe stimuli on saccade latencies were also examined: probe stimuli that appeared before the saccade shortened saccade latencies if they appeared at the saccade target, and lengthened saccade latencies if they appeared on the opposite side of fixation. These facilitatory and inhibitory effects were shown to occur at different stages of saccade preparation and suggest that attention plays an important role in the generation of voluntary eye movements. The results of this study indicate that while it is possible to make attention movements without making corresponding eye movements, it is not possible to make an eye movement (in the absence of peripheral stimulation) without making a corresponding shift in the focus of attention.