Disentangling faradaic, pseudocapacitive, and capacitive charge storage: A tutorial for the characterization of batteries, supercapacitors, and hybrid systems
Disentangling faradaic, pseudocapacitive, and capacitive charge storage: A tutorial for the characterization of batteries, supercapacitors, and hybrid systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140072
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发表时间：
2022-03-07
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Messinger, R. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schoetz, T.;Gordon, L. W.;Messinger, R. J.
当今的电化学储能技术旨在将高比能量和功率以及长循环寿命结合到一个系统中，以满足不断增长的性能需求。然而，这些特性通常是电池（高比能量）或电容器（高比功率和可循环性）的特征。为了在混合储能系统中融合电池和电容器的特性，研究人员必须了解和控制多种电荷存储机制的共存。电荷存储机制可以被分类为法拉第、电容或赝电容，其中它们的相对贡献决定了系统的操作原理和电化学性能。如果正确识别主要电荷存储机制，则可以更好地理解和分析混合电化学能量存储系统。本教程首先定义了法拉第和电容电荷存储机制，然后使用物理直观的框架澄清了赝电容的定义。然后，我们讨论的策略，使这些电荷存储机制，以定量解开使用常见的电化学技术。最后，我们概述了具有代表性的混合储能系统，联合收割机结合电池，电容器和伪电容器的电化学特性。现代的例子进行了分析，而一步一步的指南提供了所有提到的实验方法在补充资料。
Today's electrochemical energy storage technologies aim to combine high specific energy and power, as well as long cycle life, into one system to meet increasing demands in performance. These properties, however, are often characteristic of either batteries (high specific energy) or capacitors (high specific power and cyclability). To merge battery-and capacitor-like properties in a hybrid energy storage system, researchers must understand and control the co-existence of multiple charge storage mechanisms. Charge storage mechanisms can be classified as faradaic, capacitive, or pseudocapacitive, where their relative contributions determine the operating principles and electrochemical performance of the system. Hybrid electrochemical energy storage systems can be better understood and analyzed if the primary charge storage mechanism is identified correctly. This tutorial review first defines faradaic and capacitive charge storage mechanisms and then clarifies the definition of pseudocapacitance using a physically intuitive framework. Then, we discuss strategies that enable these charge storage mechanisms to be quantitatively disentangled using common electrochemical techniques. Finally, we outline representative hybrid energy storage systems that combine the electrochemical characteristics of batteries, capacitors and pseudocapacitors. Modern examples are analyzed while step-by-step guides are provided for all mentioned experimental methods in the Supplementary Information.