Towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries in Europe: a perspective on existing progress and future directions
Towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries in Europe: a perspective on existing progress and future directions
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00409.x
复制
发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Rice, Jake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jennings, Simon;Rice, Jake
欧洲国家致力于采用生态系统方法。预计这些承诺将影响即将进行的共同渔业政策改革，从而在实施渔业生态系统办法方面取得进展。我们认为，在当前的CFP中采用EAF的主要障碍是环境、社会和经济目标的低特异性和不兼容性，在必须做出权衡时，对目标的优先级没有商定的指导，决策系统受到短期国家利益的强烈影响，以及支付向可持续性过渡的高短期成本的社会和政治意愿较低。尽管如此，支持生态系统方法和EAF的高级政策框架，以及支持操作系统所需的许多工具，现在正在出现。CFP改革后实现可操作的EAF的进展速度将受到改革管理制度的要求的影响，以帮助实现生态系统组成部分和属性的良好环境状态，以支持欧洲海洋环境政策（主要是海洋战略框架指令）。然而，成员国支付高额短期过渡费用的意愿和能力、它们对将战术决策移交给区域机构的支持程度以及它们对可接受的过渡率的看法，可能会对实现东亚评估框架目标的进展产生更大的影响。
European countries are committed to adopting an ecosystem approach. These commitments are expected to influence the forthcoming reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and thus progress towards implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). We suggest that the major impediments to adopting an EAF in the current CFP are the low specificity and incompatibility of environmental, social and economic objectives, no agreed guidance on the priority to be given to objectives when trade-offs have to be made, a decision-making system that is strongly influenced by short-term national interests, and low societal and political will to pay the high short-term costs of making the transition to sustainability. Notwithstanding, a high-level policy framework to support the ecosystem approach and EAF, along with many of the tools needed to support an operational system, is now emerging. The rate of progress towards an operational EAF following CFP reform will be influenced by the requirement for a reformed management system to help achieve Good Environmental Status for ecosystem components and attributes, in support of European policy for the marine environment (principally the Marine Strategy Framework Directive). However, the willingness and capacity of member states to meet high short-term transition costs, the extent of their support for transferring tactical decision-making to regional bodies and their views on acceptable transition rates are likely to have more influence on progress towards meeting the objectives of an EAF.