Effectiveness of travel behavior and infrastructure change to mitigate heat exposure
Effectiveness of travel behavior and infrastructure change to mitigate heat exposure
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DOI：
10.3389/frsc.2023.1129388
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Rui Li;M. Chester;Ariane Middel;J. Vanos;Danae Hernández-Cortés;I. Buo;D. Hondula
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文献类型：
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作者：
Rui Li;M. Chester;Ariane Middel;J. Vanos;Danae Hernández-Cortés;I. Buo;D. Hondula
城市热暴露是城市居民日益严重的健康风险。许多城市正在考虑适应主动移动，特别是步行和骑自行车，以减少温室气体排放。然而，如果没有适当的规划和交通基础设施来对抗极端高温，促进主动流动可能会导致更多与高温相关的发病率和死亡率，特别是在未来预计的气候变化中。本研究评估了在建筑环境和出行行为变化下主动出行热暴露缓解的有效性。使用基于活动的旅行模型（ABM），平均辐射温度（TMRT，净人体辐射暴露），交通网络和当地气候带对凤凰城大都会地区的624，987次活动旅行进行了模拟。设计了两种方案来减少旅行者的暴露：一种侧重于建筑环境的变化（使社区更凉爽），另一种侧重于旅行行为的变化（从旅行时间较短但暴露较高的路线切换到旅行时间较长但更凉爽的路线）。旅行者经历了29°C至76°C（84°F至168°F）的TMRT热暴露，而没有环境或行为变化。当建筑环境从较热设计变为较冷设计时，主动跳闸TMRT暴露平均降低1.2-3.7°C。行为变化导致的降温次数是建筑环境变化的10倍。冷却的边际效益随着冷却走廊数量的增加而减少。当最繁忙的10公里走廊被冷却时，边际效益影响超过1 000次旅行/公里。然而，冷却所有走廊的边际效益低至1次/公里。研究结果表明，在有限的资源条件下，应优先选择交通繁忙的走廊，最佳的降温效果来自环境和出行行为的共同改变。研究结果显示了如何对旅行行为和建筑环境的改变进行手术式投资，以最有效地保护活跃的旅行者。
Urban heat exposure is an increasing health risk among urban dwellers. Many cities are considering accommodating active mobility, especially walking and biking, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, promoting active mobility without proper planning and transportation infrastructure to combat extreme heat exposure may cause more heat-related morbidity and mortality, particularly in future with projected climate change. This study estimated the effectiveness of active trip heat exposure mitigation under built environment and travel behavior change. Simulations of the Phoenix metro region's 624,987 active trips were conducted using the activity-based travel model (ABM), mean radiant temperature (TMRT, net human radiation exposure), transportation network, and local climate zones. Two scenarios were designed to reduce traveler exposure: one that focuses on built environment change (making neighborhoods cooler) and the other on travel behavior (switching from shorter travel time but higher exposure routes to longer travel time but cooler routes) change. Travelers experienced TMRT heat exposure ranging from 29°C to 76°C (84°F to 168°F) without environmental or behavioral change. Active trip TMRT exposures were reduced by an average of 1.2–3.7°C when the built environment was changed from a hotter to cooler design. Behavioral changes cooled up to 10 times more trips than changes in built environment changes. The marginal benefit of cooling decreased as the number of cooled corridors transformed increased. When the most traveled 10 km of corridors were cooled, the marginal benefit affected over 1,000 trips/km. However, cooling all corridors results in marginal benefits as low as 1 trip/km. The results reveal that heavily traveled corridors should be prioritized with limited resources, and the best cooling results come from environment and travel behavior change together. The results show how to surgically invest in travel behavior and built environment change to most effectively protect active travelers.