More Miocene Dispersal Between Africa and Asia-the Case of Bridelia (Phyllanthaceae)
More Miocene Dispersal Between Africa and Asia-the Case of Bridelia (Phyllanthaceae)
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中新世在非洲和亚洲之间的更多传播——以 Bridelia（叶下珠科）为例
DOI：
10.1600/036364409789271263
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Renner, Susanne S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Yongquan;Dressler, Stefan;Renner, Susanne S.
从非洲到亚洲和澳大利亚分布着几百个被子植物属，其中有约40种，包括重要的商业用材树。我们在这里使用植物标本馆材料中的细胞核和叶绿体DNA序列，加上来自中国的新藏品，来测试Bridelia的单系性，并推断其获得分离范围的地质时代。对于东南亚大陆，在物种内取样，包括在类型地点附近收集的材料，允许测试当前的物种概念。根据一份114个叶兰科叶绿体matK序列的样本，Bridelia是单系的，是亚洲分支的姐妹，需要复活一个更古老的属名才能使非洲的Cleistanthus成为单系的。在Bridelia中，综合数据的基因树（来自Bridelia 25种及其外群的3177个核苷酸）与大多数形态物种边界一致。例外情况是，绒毛b必须包括B. harmandii和B. curtisii才能成为单系，而fordii B.与B. retusa不同。这种拓扑学，加上松散的时钟散度时间，表明Bridelia在1000万到185万年前从热带亚洲扩散到非洲一次或两次。他们可能从新几内亚至少两次到达澳大利亚，两次都是在公元2世纪左右。加上早期的研究，现在至少有8个新近系在非洲和亚洲之间长距离传播的案例（随后是物种形成），到目前为止没有明显的方向偏差。
Several hundred angiosperm genera range from Africa to Asia and Australia, among them Bridelia (Phyllanthaceae), with ca. 40 species, including commercially important timber trees. We here use nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences from herbarium material, plus new collections from China, to test the monophyly of Bridelia and to infer the geologic times when it acquired its disjunct range. For the Southeast Asian mainland, within-species sampling, including material collected close to the type localities, allowed testing current species concepts. Based on a sample of 114 chloroplast matK sequences of Phyllanthaceae, Bridelia is monophyletic and sister to an Asian clade which requires resurrecting an older generic name to make the African Cleistanthus monophyletic. Within Bridelia, gene trees from the combined data (3,177 aligned nucleotides from 25 species of Bridelia plus outgroups) agree with most morphological species boundaries. Exceptions are that B. tomentosa must include B. harmandii and B. curtisii to become monophyletic and that B. fordii is distinct from B. retusa. The topology, together with relaxed clock divergence times, implies that Bridelia dispersed from tropical Asia to Africa once or twice between 10 and 1.85 million years ago (Ma). Australia was reached, probably from New Guinea, at least twice, both times ca. 2 Ma. Together with earlier studies, there are now at least eight cases of Neogene long distance dispersal between Africa and Asia (followed by speciation), with no directional bias apparent so far.