A sedimentary record of the rise and fall of the metal industry in Bergslagen, south central Sweden
A sedimentary record of the rise and fall of the metal industry in Bergslagen, south central Sweden
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DOI：
10.1007/s10933-007-9124-z
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发表时间：
2008-05
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
D. Hammarlund;A. Mackay;D. Fallon;Gemma Pateman;Luisa C. Tavio;M. Leng;N. Rose
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Hammarlund;A. Mackay;D. Fallon;Gemma Pateman;Luisa C. Tavio;M. Leng;N. Rose
Botjärnen湖是瑞典中部盾状地形中的一个小型北方森林湖，对该湖沉积物进行了详细的地层分析，清楚地反映了人类在世纪定居并建立钢铁工业后对陆地和水生生态系统的影响逐渐增加。来自需光植物的花粉和孢子频率的上升提供了大量森林砍伐的证据，以用于木炭和木材生产，这种情况在世纪初达到顶峰。沉积物有机物的碳和氮元素含量和碳同位素组成的变化以及沉积物磁化率的增加反映了流域侵蚀的相关增加。空气污染物（铅、锌和硫）的记录可以与当地和区域采矿和金属工业的发展相联系，这是从历史记录中推断出来的。在过去100年里，钢铁工业的迅速衰退导致重新造林，水生营养状况恢复到工业化前的状况。沉积物演替的年表，这是基于210铅和137铯放射性核素数据结合放射性碳测年，证实了历史铅污染的趋势，建立该地区。
Detailed stratigraphic analyses of sediments deposited in Lake Botjärnen, a small boreal forest lake in the shield terrain of central Sweden, clearly reflect progressively increasing human impact on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems following settlement and establishment of an iron industry in the 17th century. Rising frequencies of pollen and spores from light-demanding plants provide evidence of extensive forest clearance for charcoal and timber production, which peaked in the early 20th century. An associated increase in catchment erosion is reflected by changing carbon and nitrogen elemental content and carbon–isotope composition of sediment organic matter and by increased magnetic susceptibility of the sediments. Records of air-borne pollutants (lead, zinc and sulphur) can be correlated to the development of local and regional mining and metal industry as inferred from historical accounts. Rapid recession of the iron industry led to re-forestation and recovery of the aquatic nutrient status to pre-industrial conditions over the past 100 years. The chronology of the sediment succession, which is based on210Pb and137Cs radionuclide data in combination with radiocarbon dating, is confirmed by historical lead pollution trends established for the region.